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2014 ; 56
(ä): 151-8
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Real-time monitoring of cell mechanical changes induced by endothelial cell
activation and their subsequent binding with leukemic cell lines
#MMPMID24487102
Tan L
; Lin P
; Pezeshkian B
; Rehman A
; Madlambayan G
; Zeng X
Biosens Bioelectron
2014[Jun]; 56
(ä): 151-8
PMID24487102
show ga
Endothelial cell (EC) activation and their subsequent binding with different
cells have various mechanical consequences that, if monitored real time, can
serve as a functional biomarker of many pathophysiological response mechanisms.
This work presents an innovative and facile strategy to conduct such monitoring
using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), thereby relating the shifts in its
frequency and motional resistance to morphological changes upon cell-cell and
cell-substrate interactions. By activating ECs with TNF-? and then characterizing
their binding with HL-60 and KG-1 leukemia cells, we are able to induce the
mechanical changes in ECs especially in the region of cell-substrate contact
which resulted in dynamically coupled mass and viscoelastic changes representing
the extent of both activation and binding. The activated ECs suffered a decrease
of cellular contact area, leading to positive frequency shift and decreased
motional resistance. The binding of leukemia cells onto pre-activated ECs exerted
a mechanical force to regain the cell surface contact which resulted in the
obvious QCM responses opposite to that of activation, and proportional to the
number of cells added, in spite of the fact that these added cells are extremely
outside the extinction boundary of the shear wave generated by QCM. Different
cell lines demonstrate different attachment behavior, which was detected by the
QCM. Despite these variations are quite subtle, yet the sensitivity of the
technique for dynamic changes at the interface makes them detectable. Moreover,
the reproducibility of the generated data determined at each step by deviation
measurements (<10%) in response plot was very high despite the high possible
heterogeneity in cell populations. The results are explained on the basis of
simple theoretical and physical models, although, the development of a more
quantitative and precise model is underway in our laboratory.