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2008 ; 12
(1
): 22-37
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The myofibroblast: phenotypic characterization as a prerequisite to understanding
its functions in translational medicine
#MMPMID18182061
Eyden B
J Cell Mol Med
2008[Jan]; 12
(1
): 22-37
PMID18182061
show ga
The phrase translational research' conveys the idea of the pursuit of
applications for the treatment of human disease. The myofibroblast, long known
for having a role in wound-healing, and for its presence in fibrotic conditions
and tumour stroma, is becoming a focus for translational research, not least
through its increasingly documented role as a tumour-promoting cell. In
fibroproliferative conditions, cancer and tissue engineering, the myofibroblast,
derived partly and possibly from circulating bone-marrow-derived cells and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, is attracting great attention. In
cancer, this cell was initially regarded as a barrier to tumour dissemination,
but there is now a growing body of evidence to indicate that it is an active
participant in tumour progression. While the involvement of the myofibroblast in
these pathological processes is pushing the myofibroblast into the limelight of
translational medicine as a target for potential anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer
therapy, there are still numerous indications from the literature that the
myofibroblast is a poorly understood cell in terms of its differentiation.Partly,
this is due to a failure to appreciate the contribution of electron microscopy to
understanding the nature of this cell. This paper, therefore, is devoted to
detailing the principal phenotypic characteristics of the myofibroblast and
promotes the argument that understanding how the myofibroblast carries out its
roles in normal biological and in pathological processes will be enhanced by a
sound understanding of its cellular differentiation, which in turn arguably
demands a significant ultrastructural input.
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