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2013 ; 85
(12
): 6080-8
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Oriented covalent immobilization of antibodies for measurement of intermolecular
binding forces between zipper-like contact surfaces of split inteins
#MMPMID23679912
Sorci M
; Dassa B
; Liu H
; Anand G
; Dutta AK
; Pietrokovski S
; Belfort M
; Belfort G
Anal Chem
2013[Jun]; 85
(12
): 6080-8
PMID23679912
show ga
In order to measure the intermolecular binding forces between two halves (or
partners) of naturally split protein splicing elements called inteins, a novel
thiol-hydrazide linker was designed and used to orient immobilized antibodies
specific for each partner. Activation of the surfaces was achieved in one step,
allowing direct intermolecular force measurement of the binding of the two
partners of the split intein (called protein trans-splicing). Through this
binding process, a whole functional intein is formed resulting in subsequent
splicing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to directly measure the split
intein partner binding at 1 ?m/s between native (wild-type) and mixed pairs of C-
and N-terminal partners of naturally occurring split inteins from three
cyanobacteria. Native and mixed pairs exhibit similar binding forces within the
error of the measurement technique (~52 pN). Bioinformatic sequence analysis and
computational structural analysis discovered a zipper-like contact between the
two partners with electrostatic and nonpolar attraction between multiple aligned
ion pairs and hydrophobic residues. Also, we tested the Jarzynski's equality and
demonstrated, as expected, that nonequilibrium dissipative measurements obtained
here gave larger energies of interaction as compared with those for equilibrium.
Hence, AFM coupled with our immobilization strategy and computational studies
provides a useful analytical tool for the direct measurement of intermolecular
association of split inteins and could be extended to any interacting protein
pair.