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Olive-Oil-Derived Oleocanthal Enhances ?-Amyloid Clearance as a Potential Neuroprotective Mechanism against Alzheimer?s Disease: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies #MMPMID23414128
Abuznait AH; Qosa H; Busnena BA; El Sayed KA; Kaddoumi A
ACS Chem Neurosci 2013[Jun]; 4 (6): 973-82 PMID23414128show ga
Oleocanthal, a phenolic component of extra-virgin olive oil, has been recently linked to reduced risk of Alzheimer?s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by accumulation of ?-amyloid (A?) and tau proteins in the brain. However, the mechanism by which oleocanthal exerts its neuroprotective effect is still incompletely understood. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for the potential of oleocanthal to enhance A? clearance from the brain via up-regulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and LDL lipoprotein receptor related protein-1 (LRP1), major A? transport proteins, at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Results from in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated similar and consistent pattern of oleocanthal in controlling A? levels. In cultured mice brain endothelial cells, oleocanthal treatment increased P-gp and LRP1 expression and activity. Brain efflux index (BEI%) studies of 125I-A?40 showed that administration of oleocanthal extracted from extra-virgin olive oil to C57BL/6 wild-type mice enhanced 125I-A?40 clearance from the brain and increased the BEI% from 62.0 ± 3.0% for control mice to 79.9 ± 1.6% for oleocanthal treated mice. Increased P-gp and LRP1 expression in the brain microvessels and inhibition studies confirmed the role of up-regulation of these proteins in enhancing 125I-A?40 clearance after oleocanthal treatment. Furthermore, our results demonstrated significant increase in 125I-A?40 degradation as a result of the up-regulation of A? degrading enzymes following oleocanthal treatment. In conclusion, these findings provide experimental support that potential reduced risk of AD associated with extra-virgin olive oil could be mediated by enhancement of A? clearance from the brain.