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2013 ; 4
(6
): 963-72
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Improved orange and red Caȱ indicators and photophysical considerations for
optogenetic applications
#MMPMID23452507
Wu J
; Liu L
; Matsuda T
; Zhao Y
; Rebane A
; Drobizhev M
; Chang YF
; Araki S
; Arai Y
; March K
; Hughes TE
; Sagou K
; Miyata T
; Nagai T
; Li WH
; Campbell RE
ACS Chem Neurosci
2013[Jun]; 4
(6
): 963-72
PMID23452507
show ga
We have used protein engineering to expand the palette of genetically encoded
calcium ion (Ca(2+)) indicators to include orange and improved red fluorescent
variants, and validated the latter for combined use with optogenetic activation
by channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). These indicators feature intensiometric signal
changes that are 1.7- to 9.7-fold improved relatively to the progenitor Ca(2+)
indicator, R-GECO1. In the course of this work, we discovered a photoactivation
phenomenon in red fluorescent Ca(2+) indicators that, if not appreciated and
accounted for, can cause false-positive artifacts in Ca(2+) imaging traces during
optogenetic activation with ChR2. We demonstrate, in both a beta cell line and
slice culture of developing mouse neocortex, that these artifacts can be avoided
by using an appropriately low intensity of blue light for ChR2 activation.