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2013 ; 20
(6
): 545-53
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Emergency ultrasound-assisted examination of skin and soft tissue infections in
the pediatric emergency department
#MMPMID23758300
Marin JR
; Dean AJ
; Bilker WB
; Panebianco NL
; Brown NJ
; Alpern ER
Acad Emerg Med
2013[Jun]; 20
(6
): 545-53
PMID23758300
show ga
OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the test characteristics of clinical
examination (CE) with the addition of bedside emergency ultrasound (CE+EUS)
compared to CE alone in determining skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that
require drainage in pediatric patients. METHODS: This was a prospective study of
CE+EUS as a diagnostic test for the evaluation of patients 2 months to 19 years
of age evaluated for SSTIs in a pediatric emergency department (ED). Two
physicians clinically and independently evaluated each lesion, and the
reliability of the CE for diagnosing lesions requiring drainage was calculated.
Trained pediatric emergency physicians performed US following their CEs. The
authors determined and compared the test characteristics for evaluating a SSTI
requiring drainage for CE alone and for CE+EUS for those lesions in which the two
physicians agreed and were certain regarding their CE diagnosis (clinically
evident). The performance of CE+EUS was evaluated in those lesions in which the
two physicians either disagreed or were uncertain of their diagnosis (not
clinically evident). The reference standard for determining if a lesion required
drainage was defined as pus expressed at the time of the ED visit or within 2
days by follow-up assessment. RESULTS: A total of 387 lesions underwent CE+EUS
and were analyzed. CE agreement between physicians was fair (? = 0.38). For the
228 lesions for which physicians agreed and were certain of their diagnoses,
sensitivity was 94.7% for CE and 93.1% for CE+EUS (difference = -1.7%; 95%
confidence interval [CI] = -3.4% to 0%). The specificity of CE was 84.2% compared
to 81.4% for CE+EUS (difference = -2.8%; 95% CI = -9.7% to 4.1%). For lesions not
clinically evident based on CE, the sensitivity of CE was 43.7%, compared with
77.6% for CE+EUS (difference = 33.9%; 95% CI = 1.2% to 66.6%). The specificity of
CE for this group was 42.0%, compared with 61.3% for CE+EUS (difference = 19.3%;
95% CI = -13.8% to 52.4%). CONCLUSIONS: For clinically evident lesions, the
addition of ultrasound (US) did not significantly improve the already highly
accurate CE for diagnosing lesions requiring drainage in this study population.
However, there were many lesions that were not clinically evident, and in these
cases, US may improve the accuracy of the CE.