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10.1093/infdis/jis523 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1093/infdis/jis523 C3611767!3611767!23042757     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=23042757&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Differences in Cytokine Production in Human Macrophages and in Virulence in Mice Are Attributable to the Acidic Polymerase Protein of Highly Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 |pdf=|usr=}}{{23042757}} gab.com Text Differences in Cytokine Production in Human Macrophages and in Virulence in Mice Are Attributable to the Acidic Polymerase Protein of Highly Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 JO: J Infect Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23042757 #FOAvip Background.?The pathogenesis of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (hereafter, ?H5N1?) infection in humans is not completely understood, although hypercytokinemia is thought to play a role. We previously reported that most H5N1 viruses induce high cytokine responses in human macrophages, whereas some H5N1 viruses induce only a low level of cytokine production similar to that induced by seasonal viruses.Methods.?To identify the viral molecular determinants for cytokine induction of H5N1 viruses in human macrophages, we generated a series of reassortant viruses between the high cytokine inducer A/Vietnam/UT3028II/03 clone 2 (VN3028IIcl2) and the low inducer A/Indonesia/UT3006/05 (IDN3006) and evaluated cytokine expression in human macrophages.Results.?Viruses possessing the acidic polymerase (PA) gene of VN3028IIcl2 exhibited high levels of hypercytokinemia-related cytokine expression in human macrophages, compared with IDN3006, but showed no substantial differences in viral growth in these cells. Further, the PA gene of VN3028IIcl2 conferred enhanced virulence in mice.Conclusions.?These results demonstrate that the PA gene of VN3028IIcl2 affects cytokine production in human macrophages and virulence in mice. These findings provide new insights into the cytokine-mediated pathogenesis of H5N1 infection in humans. Twit Text FOAVip Differences in Cytokine Production in Human Macrophages and in Virulence in Mice Are Attributable to the Acidic Polymerase Protein of Highly Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 ????J Infect Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23042757 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23042757 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|23042757}}</ref> Differences in Cytokine Production in Human Macrophages and in Virulence in Mice Are Attributable to the Acidic Polymerase Protein of Highly Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 #MMPMID23042757 Sakabe S; Takano R; Nagamura-Inoue T; Yamashita N; Nidom CA; Quynh Le Mt; Iwatsuki-Horimoto K; Kawaoka Y J Infect Dis 2013[Jan]; 207 (2): 262-71 PMID23042757show ga Background.?The pathogenesis of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (hereafter, ?H5N1?) infection in humans is not completely understood, although hypercytokinemia is thought to play a role. We previously reported that most H5N1 viruses induce high cytokine responses in human macrophages, whereas some H5N1 viruses induce only a low level of cytokine production similar to that induced by seasonal viruses.Methods.?To identify the viral molecular determinants for cytokine induction of H5N1 viruses in human macrophages, we generated a series of reassortant viruses between the high cytokine inducer A/Vietnam/UT3028II/03 clone 2 (VN3028IIcl2) and the low inducer A/Indonesia/UT3006/05 (IDN3006) and evaluated cytokine expression in human macrophages.Results.?Viruses possessing the acidic polymerase (PA) gene of VN3028IIcl2 exhibited high levels of hypercytokinemia-related cytokine expression in human macrophages, compared with IDN3006, but showed no substantial differences in viral growth in these cells. Further, the PA gene of VN3028IIcl2 conferred enhanced virulence in mice.Conclusions.?These results demonstrate that the PA gene of VN3028IIcl2 affects cytokine production in human macrophages and virulence in mice. These findings provide new insights into the cytokine-mediated pathogenesis of H5N1 infection in humans. äDifferences in Cytokine Production in Human Macrophages and in Virulen(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing