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10.1002/jnr.22748 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1002/jnr.22748 C3218197!3218197!21932365     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Neurosci+Res 2012 ; 90 (1): 229-42 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=21932365|t=2012. Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Precedes NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Damage in Neurons Exposed to the Proinflammatory Cytokine TNF? |pdf=|usr=}}{{21932365}} gab.com Text Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Precedes NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Damage in Neurons Exposed to the Proinflammatory Cytokine TNF JO: J Neurosci Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=21932365 #FOAvip Inflammation accompanied by severe oxidative stress plays a vital role in the orchestration and progression of neurodegeneration prevalent in chronic and acute CNS pathologies as well as in aging. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) elicits the formation of the bioactive ceramide by stimulating the hydrolysis of the membrane lipid sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinase activities. Ceramide stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic mechanisms in both neurons and non-neuronal cells establishing a link between sphingolipid metabolism and oxidative stress. We demonstrated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons, that TNF? is a potent stimulator of Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (Mg2+-nSMase) activity and sphingomyelin hydrolysis rather than de novo synthesis, was the predominant source of ceramide increases. Mg2+-nSMase activity preceded an accumulation of ROS by a neuronal NADPH oxidase (NOX). Notably, TNF? provoked a NOX-dependent oxidative damage to sphingosine kinase-1, which generates sphingosine-1-phosphate, a ceramide metabolite associated with neurite outgrowth. Indeed, ceramide and ROS inhibited neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons by disrupting growth cone motility. Blunting ceramide and ROS formation both rescued sphingosine kinase-1 activity and neurite outgrowth. Our studies suggest that TNF?-mediated activation of Mg2+-nSMase and NOX in neuronal cells not only produced the neurotoxic intermediates ceramide and ROS but also directly antagonized neuronal survival mechanisms thus accelerating neurodegeneration. Twit Text FOAVip Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Precedes NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Damage in Neurons Exposed to the Proinflammatory Cytokine TNF ????J Neurosci Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=21932365 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=21932365 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|21932365}}</ref> Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Precedes NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Damage in Neurons Exposed to the Proinflammatory Cytokine TNF? #MMPMID21932365 Barth BM; Gustafson SJ; Kuhn TB J Neurosci Res 2012[Jan]; 90 (1): 229-42 PMID21932365show ga Inflammation accompanied by severe oxidative stress plays a vital role in the orchestration and progression of neurodegeneration prevalent in chronic and acute CNS pathologies as well as in aging. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) elicits the formation of the bioactive ceramide by stimulating the hydrolysis of the membrane lipid sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinase activities. Ceramide stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic mechanisms in both neurons and non-neuronal cells establishing a link between sphingolipid metabolism and oxidative stress. We demonstrated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons, that TNF? is a potent stimulator of Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (Mg2+-nSMase) activity and sphingomyelin hydrolysis rather than de novo synthesis, was the predominant source of ceramide increases. Mg2+-nSMase activity preceded an accumulation of ROS by a neuronal NADPH oxidase (NOX). Notably, TNF? provoked a NOX-dependent oxidative damage to sphingosine kinase-1, which generates sphingosine-1-phosphate, a ceramide metabolite associated with neurite outgrowth. Indeed, ceramide and ROS inhibited neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons by disrupting growth cone motility. Blunting ceramide and ROS formation both rescued sphingosine kinase-1 activity and neurite outgrowth. Our studies suggest that TNF?-mediated activation of Mg2+-nSMase and NOX in neuronal cells not only produced the neurotoxic intermediates ceramide and ROS but also directly antagonized neuronal survival mechanisms thus accelerating neurodegeneration. äNeutral Sphingomyelinase Activation Precedes NADPH Oxidase-Dependent D(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing