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2011 ; 7
(10
): e1002294
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Biochemical and structural insights into the mechanisms of SARS coronavirus RNA
ribose 2 -O-methylation by nsp16/nsp10 protein complex
#MMPMID22022266
Chen Y
; Su C
; Ke M
; Jin X
; Xu L
; Zhang Z
; Wu A
; Sun Y
; Yang Z
; Tien P
; Ahola T
; Liang Y
; Liu X
; Guo D
PLoS Pathog
2011[Oct]; 7
(10
): e1002294
PMID22022266
show ga
The 5'-cap structure is a distinct feature of eukaryotic mRNAs, and eukaryotic
viruses generally modify the 5'-end of viral RNAs to mimic cellular mRNA
structure, which is important for RNA stability, protein translation and viral
immune escape. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes two S-adenosyl-L-methionine
(SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTase) which sequentially methylate the RNA
cap at guanosine-N7 and ribose 2'-O positions, catalyzed by nsp14 N7-MTase and
nsp16 2'-O-MTase, respectively. A unique feature for SARS-CoV is that nsp16
requires non-structural protein nsp10 as a stimulatory factor to execute its
MTase activity. Here we report the biochemical characterization of SARS-CoV
2'-O-MTase and the crystal structure of nsp16/nsp10 complex bound with methyl
donor SAM. We found that SARS-CoV nsp16 MTase methylated m7GpppA-RNA but not
m7GpppG-RNA, which is in contrast with nsp14 MTase that functions in a
sequence-independent manner. We demonstrated that nsp10 is required for nsp16 to
bind both m7GpppA-RNA substrate and SAM cofactor. Structural analysis revealed
that nsp16 possesses the canonical scaffold of MTase and associates with nsp10 at
1?1 ratio. The structure of the nsp16/nsp10 interaction interface shows that
nsp10 may stabilize the SAM-binding pocket and extend the substrate RNA-binding
groove of nsp16, consistent with the findings in biochemical assays. These
results suggest that nsp16/nsp10 interface may represent a better drug target
than the viral MTase active site for developing highly specific anti-coronavirus
drugs.