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2006 ; 17
(1
): 498-510
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Visualization of vacuolar acidification-induced transcription of genes of
pathogens inside macrophages
#MMPMID16251362
Martin-Orozco N
; Touret N
; Zaharik ML
; Park E
; Kopelman R
; Miller S
; Finlay BB
; Gros P
; Grinstein S
Mol Biol Cell
2006[Jan]; 17
(1
): 498-510
PMID16251362
show ga
The objective of these studies was to analyze the role of the ionic environment
of phagosomal vacuoles in the control of pathogens by macrophages. Digital
imaging and flow cytometry were used to follow the induction of the phoP promoter
of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium within live macrophages. Manipulating the Mg2+
concentration within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) was without effect
on the early induction of PhoPQ. Moreover, direct measurement of [Mg2+] within
the SCV using nanosensor particles showed that, during this initial period of
phoP activation, the concentration of the divalent cation is rapidly regulated
and stabilizes around 1 mm. Extrusion of other divalent cations via the Nramp1
efflux pump was similarly ruled out as an important contributor to the activation
of the regulon. By contrast, induction of PhoP was greatly attenuated when the pH
gradient across the SCV membrane was dissipated. A second, more modest
pH-independent component of PhoP induction was unmasked by inhibition of the
vacuolar proton pump. This second component was eliminated by pretreatment of
cells with IFNgamma, even though the cytokine augmented the overall PhoP
response. These findings demonstrate the existence of at least three separate
activators of phoP transcription: resting and IFNgamma-stimulated pH-sensitive
components, plus a pH-independent component.