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A review of sperm cryopreservation in the domestic dog and cat-part II, freezing
epididymal spermatozoa, why is it different from ejaculated spermatozoa?
#MMPMID41382175
Axnér E
Acta Vet Scand
2025[Dec]; 67
(1
): 55
PMID41382175
show ga
If a male dies suddenly or requires castration, it may still be possible to
produce offspring through artificial insemination (AI) by cryopreserving
spermatozoa retrieved from the epididymis. Spermatozoa differ in maturation
status along the epididymal duct, and only motile spermatozoa that have acquired
fertilizing capacity are suitable for AI. Such spermatozoa can be collected from
the terminal epididymal segment, located in the cauda epididymidis in the dog,
and in both the corpus and cauda in the cat. Unlike ejaculated spermatozoa,
epididymal spermatozoa have not been exposed to seminal plasma and therefore
display distinct functional and structural characteristics. The method of sperm
collection may also affect the sperm quality. While epididymal mincing results in
the highest sperm numbers, it is associated with contamination of blood and
epididymal tissue. Although numerous studies have reported successful
cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in dogs and cats, reports of live
offspring following AI with frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa remain scarce.
This review summarizes the physiological, anatomical, and functional distinctions
between epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa, emphasizing their implications for
cryopreservation strategies and fertility outcomes.
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