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Biometric, Physiological, and Genetic Profile of Chrysanthemum Plants in Response
to CdS, Co(3)O(4), and Fe(3)O(4)@Co Nanoparticles Treatment
#MMPMID41384138
Tymoszuk A
; Kulus D
; Kulpi?ska A
; Go?cinna K
; Pietrzyk-Thel P
; Osial M
Nanotechnol Sci Appl
2025[]; 18
(?): 573-594
PMID41384138
show ga
PURPOSE: Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide.
Its breeding remains a highly relevant topic. Nanotechnology significantly and
interdisciplinarily contributes to the progress in modern horticulture. To date,
there are no studies on the use of the proposed heavy metal-based nanoparticles
in mutation breeding of ornamental plants. METHODS: CdS NPs, Co(3)O(4) NPs, and
Fe(3)O(4)@Co NPs were synthesized and applied at a concentration of 75 mg·L(-1)
in the in vitro internode culture of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat). Hemsl.
'Lilac Wonder'. RESULTS: The highest number of adventitious shoots was
regenerated on the control and Fe(3)O(4)@Co NP-treated internodes, whereas the
use of CdS NPs and Co(3)O(4) NPs hampered regeneration. The NP-treated shoots,
compared to the control, accumulated less flavonols and more anthocyanins and
polyphenols, and exhibited increased antioxidant capacity. The highest activity
of oxidative stress enzymes and the lowest chlorophyll content were noted in CdS
NP-treated shoots. The tested nanoparticles also affected the further growth and
development of plants during ex vitro greenhouse cultivation. The longest stems
were found in Fe(3)O(4)@Co NP-treated plants, contrary to CdS NPs and Co(3)O(4)
NPs. The CdS NP-treated plants developed leaves with the smallest surface area,
perimeter, length, and width. Evaluation of inflorescences revealed quantitative
changes in anthocyanins content. The highest pigment content was found in
ligulate flowers of Fe(3)O(4)@Co NP-treated plants. One individual with
variegated leaves was phenotypically identified within Co(3)O(4) NP-treated
plants. Genetic variation was detected in 7-8.1% of the plants studied. The SCoT
marker system generated more bands and polymorphisms than RAPD. PCoA analysis
revealed distinct genetic groupings, with the most altered genotype (treated with
CdS NPs) classified as polymorphic by both marker systems. The other 11
polymorphic genotypes did not overlap between RAPD and SCoT analyses. CONCLUSION:
Our results proved that nanoparticles can serve as a novel and valuable tool for
plant breeding.
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