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Genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the KWL gene family
in three Oryza species
#MMPMID41346819
Wu L
; Liu W
; Xin G
; Chen Y
; Zhou H
Front Plant Sci
2025[]; 16
(?): 1707474
PMID41346819
show ga
INTRODUCTION: The Kiwellin (KWL) gene family, although previously implicated in
plant stress responses, remains poorly characterized in rice. This study aims to
perform a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the KWL family across three rice
species to elucidate their roles. METHODS: We analyzed the KWL family in Oryza
sativa ssp. japonica (Os), O. sativa ssp. indica (Osi), and O. rufipogon (Or).
Systematic analyses of their phylogeny, gene structures, conserved motifs,
chromosomal localization, and promoter cis-elements were performed. The
expression patterns of key genes in response to phytohormones were validated, and
their subcellular localization and transcriptional activity were experimentally
determined. RESULTS: A total of 33 KWL genes were identified (9 in Os, 12 in Osi,
and 12 in Or). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that KWL proteins were highly
conserved within rice species but distinct from their maize and tomato orthologs.
Promoter cis-element analysis revealed a significant enrichment of elements
associated with biotic/abiotic stress responses and phytohormone signaling.
Expression profiling demonstrated that most family members exhibited low or
tissue-specific expression, with OsKWL1 and OsKWL2 exhibiting marked
responsiveness to ABA and JA treatments in roots and shoots, respectively.
Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that both OsKWL1 and OsKWL2
proteins were localized to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, yeast assays revealed that
OsKWL1 possessed strong autoactivation activity. CONCLUSION: This study
establishes a foundational framework for future functional investigations of the
KWL family in rice, highlighting its potential roles in stress adaptation.
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