Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis:
A Narrative Review
#MMPMID41341415
Memariani M
; Memariani H
Health Sci Rep
2025[Dec]; 8
(12
): e71564
PMID41341415
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a persistent autoimmune disease
that affects the central nervous system. The etiology of MS is complex, involving
a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Mounting evidence suggests that
dysbiosis significantly impacts the progression of MS mainly through its direct
effects upon the immune system. Given the vital connection between the gut
microbiota and immune health, particularly in the context of autoimmune diseases,
this review aims to summarize the existing knowledge regarding alterations in the
gut microbiota among MS patients, with a focus on microbiota-based therapeutic
approaches. METHODS: A detailed literature review was carried out to gather
contemporary evidence on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in MS patients.
Furthermore, studies dealing with the modification of gut microbiota for
therapeutic applications in MS have been included. RESULTS: A distinct variation
in specific bacterial phyla, orders, families, and genera, as well as
metabolites, was found in MS patients. Exploring therapeutic options such as
antibiotics, probiotics, dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation,
phage therapy, and helminth therapy may present valuable opportunities for gut
microbiota modification in MS treatment. CONCLUSION: Altering the gut microbiota
in patients with MS may serve as a potentially effective treatment strategy.
Nevertheless, future research should prioritize the standardization of these
therapies. Finally, it is imperative that researchers concentrate on large-scale
studies or trials to scrutinize the practical relevance of these therapeutic
options.
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