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2005 ; 2
(1
): 24
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Immunolocalization of RANKL is increased and OPG decreased during dietary
magnesium deficiency in the rat
#MMPMID16162295
Rude RK
; Gruber HE
; Wei LY
; Frausto A
Nutr Metab (Lond)
2005[Sep]; 2
(1
): 24
PMID16162295
show ga
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have linked low dietary magnesium (Mg) to low
bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Mg deficiency in animal models has
demonstrated a reduction in bone mass and increase in skeletal fragility. One
major mechanism appears to be an increase in osteoclast number and bone
resorption. The final pathway of osteoclastogenesis involves three constituents
of a cytokine system: receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL); its
receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK); and its soluble decoy
receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). The relative presence of RANKL and OPG dictates
osteoclastogenesis. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of
RANKL and OPG in rats on a low Mg diet. METHODS: RANKL and OPG were assessed by
immunocytochemistry staining in the tibia for up to 6 months in control rats on
regular Mg intake (0.5 g/kg) and experimental rats on reduction of dietary Mg
(.04%, 25% and 50% of this Nutrient Requirement). RESULTS: At all dietary Mg
intakes, alteration in the presence of immunocytochemical staining of RANKL and
OPG was observed. In general, OPG was decreased and RANKL increased, reflecting
an alteration in the RANKL/OPG ratio toward increased osteoclastogenesis.
CONCLUSION: We have, for the first time demonstrated that a reduction in dietary
Mg in the rat alters the presence of RANKL and OPG and may explain the increase
in osteoclast number and decrease in bone mass in this animal model. As some of
these dietary intake reductions in terms of the RDA are present in a large
segment of or population, Mg deficiency may be another risk factor for
osteoporosis.