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2025 ; 13
(1
): 235
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The efficacy of compassion focused therapy in eating disorders: a systematic
review of the literature
#MMPMID41131569
Stock M
; Beaman L
; Moreton R
; Holland-Borosh C
; Hartland H
; Hamadi L
J Eat Disord
2025[Oct]; 13
(1
): 235
PMID41131569
show ga
BACKGROUND: Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) is an evolution-informed
intervention designed to address high levels of shame and self-criticism, which
are common in eating disorders (EDs). Given the mixed findings of current ED
treatments and the absence of prior systematic reviews on CFT in this context,
this review aimed to critically evaluate its clinical outcomes. METHOD: A
systematic search of databases was conducted, including PsychINFO, MEDLINE,
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Grey literature databases were
searched including CORE, PsyArVix Preprints, and BASE. The last search was
conducted in February 2025. Studies were included where a quantitative outcome
was reported following CFT in participants with any ED diagnosis, across the
lifespan. A narrative approach was employed to synthesize the results and the
Downs and Black (1998) checklist was used to assess the quality of included
studies. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies (8 randomized controlled trials, 2
uncontrolled trials, and 13 quasi-experimental) were included. Eighteen papers
were English language, and most participants were adult females. Overall, CFT led
to a reduction in ED core psychopathology, including across the EDE-Q subscales,
as well as improvements in self-compassion and body image, and a decrease in
shame. Evidence for change to body mass index was mixed. Results from trials
varied in how effective this treatment was relative to other treatment
modalities. CONCLUSION: There is preliminary evidence to support CFT as an
effective treatment for adults with a range of ED diagnoses. However, the limited
number of comparisons to evidence-based interventions and small sample sizes
means there is limited evidence that CFT is as effective as current first-line
treatments. Future research may benefit from larger sample sizes; direct
comparisons of CFT to evidence-based interventions; standardizing outcomes; and
exploring for whom CFT is most effective.