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10.1186/s12864-025-12105-8 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12864-025-12105-8 C12551292!12551292 !41131474     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\41131474 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       BMC+Genomics 2025 ; 26 (1 ): 949 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=41131474 |t=2025. Evolutionary diversification and expressional profile of adrenergic receptors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas |pdf=|usr=}}{{41131474 }} gab.com Text Evolutionary diversification and expressional profile of adrenergic receptors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas JO: BMC Genomics http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41131474 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Adrenergic receptors (ARs) specifically recognize and bind catecholamines via conserved seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) domains, which are regarded as critical mediators of immune responses in molluscan species. RESULTS: In the present study, six ARs were identified in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which exhibited conserved structural features of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs that were characterized by seven transmembrane helices (TM1-TM7) and a DR(Y) motif within the third intracellular loop. These receptors were classified into two subfamilies: ?-type (Cg?1A, Cg?2A, Cg?2C, Cg?2Da, and Cg?2Db-ARs) and ?-type (Cg?2-AR). Notably, evolutionary divergence between the Cg?2Da and Cg?2Db subtypes has led to the absence of their orthologs in most vertebrate species. Both subtypes (Cg?2Da and Cg?2Db) are under relaxed purifying selection (Ka/Ks?=?0.644 and 0.828, respectively). Transcriptomic profiling revealed distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns, with Cg?2A-AR, Cg?2C-AR, and Cg?2Da-AR predominantly expressed in hemocytes. Among them, Cg?2C-AR and Cg?2Da-AR were enriched in granulocytes, whereas Cg?2A-AR was preferentially expressed in agranulocytes. Moreover, transcripts of Cg?2A-AR, Cg?2C-AR, and Cg?2-AR in hemocytes increased significantly following the first Vibrio splendidus stimulation, with Cg?2A-AR exhibiting a significant increase again after the secondary stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggested that the retention of Cg?2Da/?2Db-AR subtypes in oysters under relaxed selection pressure reflects an evolutionary strategy for immune adaptability. Their lineage-restricted diversification drives differential expression (e.g., Cg?2Da-AR in granulocytes) and post-challenge resilience (e.g., Cg?2A-AR upregulation), balancing energy conservation and pathogen defense. These findings provided a foundation for further elucidation of their immunoregulatory roles in oysters and contribute to an improved understanding of AR evolution in invertebrates. Twit Text FOAVip Evolutionary diversification and expressional profile of adrenergic receptors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas ????BMC Genomics http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41131474 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41131474 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|41131474 }}</ref> Evolutionary diversification and expressional profile of adrenergic receptors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas #MMPMID41131474 Xu M ; Gao X ; Dong M ; Wang L ; Wang C BMC Genomics 2025[Oct]; 26 (1 ): 949 PMID41131474 show ga BACKGROUND: Adrenergic receptors (ARs) specifically recognize and bind catecholamines via conserved seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) domains, which are regarded as critical mediators of immune responses in molluscan species. RESULTS: In the present study, six ARs were identified in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which exhibited conserved structural features of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs that were characterized by seven transmembrane helices (TM1-TM7) and a DR(Y) motif within the third intracellular loop. These receptors were classified into two subfamilies: ?-type (Cg?1A, Cg?2A, Cg?2C, Cg?2Da, and Cg?2Db-ARs) and ?-type (Cg?2-AR). Notably, evolutionary divergence between the Cg?2Da and Cg?2Db subtypes has led to the absence of their orthologs in most vertebrate species. Both subtypes (Cg?2Da and Cg?2Db) are under relaxed purifying selection (Ka/Ks?=?0.644 and 0.828, respectively). Transcriptomic profiling revealed distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns, with Cg?2A-AR, Cg?2C-AR, and Cg?2Da-AR predominantly expressed in hemocytes. Among them, Cg?2C-AR and Cg?2Da-AR were enriched in granulocytes, whereas Cg?2A-AR was preferentially expressed in agranulocytes. Moreover, transcripts of Cg?2A-AR, Cg?2C-AR, and Cg?2-AR in hemocytes increased significantly following the first Vibrio splendidus stimulation, with Cg?2A-AR exhibiting a significant increase again after the secondary stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggested that the retention of Cg?2Da/?2Db-AR subtypes in oysters under relaxed selection pressure reflects an evolutionary strategy for immune adaptability. Their lineage-restricted diversification drives differential expression (e.g., Cg?2Da-AR in granulocytes) and post-challenge resilience (e.g., Cg?2A-AR upregulation), balancing energy conservation and pathogen defense. These findings provided a foundation for further elucidation of their immunoregulatory roles in oysters and contribute to an improved understanding of AR evolution in invertebrates. |*Crassostrea/genetics/microbiology/metabolism [MESH] |*Evolution, Molecular [MESH] |*Gene Expression Profiling [MESH] |*Receptors, Adrenergic/genetics/chemistry/metabolism [MESH] |*Transcriptome [MESH] |Animals [MESH]Evolutionary diversification and expressional profile of adrenergic re(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing