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2025 ; 57
(1
): 59
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Incorporating transcriptomic data into genomic prediction models to improve the
prediction accuracy of phenotypes of efficiency traits
#MMPMID41131481
Haas VP
; Wellmann R
; Duenk P
; Oster M
; Ponsuksili S
; Bennewitz J
; Calus MPL
Genet Sel Evol
2025[Oct]; 57
(1
): 59
PMID41131481
show ga
BACKGROUND: Since genomic selection has been established in animal breeding,
attention has turned towards other omics layers that are seen as promising to
improve prediction accuracy. Transcriptomic data provide insights into gene
expression patterns, which are shaped by both genetic and environmental factors,
offering a more comprehensive understanding of the expression of phenotypes. This
study utilized various statistical methods to assess the applicability of
transcriptomic data derived from intestinal tissue to the prediction of
efficiency-related phenotypes. The focus was on formal derivation of the
previously described GTCBLUP model, which was adapted to create GTCBLUPi and
compared with other BLUP models. The GTCBLUPi model addresses redundant
information between genomic and transcriptomic information. We compared estimated
variance components and accuracies of prediction of phenotypes for
efficiency-related traits in an F2 cross of 480 Japanese quail using different
models. Additionally, we estimated transcriptomic correlations between the traits
using animal effects based on transcriptomic similarity, and the effects of
individual transcript abundances on the phenotypes. RESULTS: This study showed
that transcript abundances from the ileum explain a larger portion of the
phenotypic variance of the traits than host genetics. Models incorporating both
genetic and transcriptomic information outperformed those using only one type of
information, with regard to the phenotypic variances explained. The combination
of both data types resulted in higher trait prediction accuracies, confirming
that transcriptomic information complements genetic data effectively. The derived
GTCBLUPi model proved to be a suitable framework for integrating both information
types. Additionally, polygenic backgrounds were identified for the traits studied
based on transcriptomic profiles, along with high transcriptomic correlations
between the traits. CONCLUSIONS: Transcriptomic data account for a high portion
of phenotypic expression for all phenotypes and incorporating them enables more
accurate predictions of phenotypes for efficiency and performance traits. Models
that integrate both genetic and transcriptomic information are the most
effective, offering valuable insights for improving phenotype prediction accuracy
and insights in biological mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation of traits.