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2025 ; 22
(1
): 127
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Effect of combined exercise and nutrition on bone density in postmenopausal
women-a systematic review and meta-analysis
#MMPMID41131501
Liu J
; Li X
; Zhang W
; Miao T
; Wang X
Nutr Metab (Lond)
2025[Oct]; 22
(1
): 127
PMID41131501
show ga
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women are subject to hormonal fluctuations, a rapid
decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and a significant increase in fracture
risk, and both exercise and nutritional interventions have a positive impact on
BMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined exercise and
nutrition interventions compared to single nutrition or exercise interventions on
BMD in postmenopausal women and specific combined strategies to improve BMD.
METHODS: A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science,
Google Scholar databases and studies identified until April 4, 2025 were
performed following strictly the PRISMA evaluation guidelines.The risk of bias
was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the quality of evidence was
evaluated using the GRADE approach, and data analysis was performed using Stata
17.0. RESULTS: A total of 24 RCTs involving 2,236 postmenopausal women were
included. Meta-analysis results showed that EN vs. N demonstrated a positive
effect on BMD at the femoral neck (SMD?=?0.17, 95% CI: 0.07-0.27, p?=?0.0006),
lumbar spine (SMD?=?0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.33, p?=?0.003), and total hip
(SMD?=?0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.28, p?=?0.014). However, no statistically significant
difference in BMD at the same anatomical site was observed EN vs. N. The
robustness of the results of subgroup analysis is limited due to differences in
intervention regimens, study populations, and sample sizes across different
studies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on current evidence, there is insufficient support
for universal evidence-based recommendations regarding specific combined
intervention strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION/PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO
(CRD420251053527).
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