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2025 ; 15
(1
): 37168
Nephropedia Template TP
Guerrero-Castillo S
; Grün A
; Lewandowski N
; Gundorova P
; Blettenberger LE
; Laubach NC
; Küchler K
; Barroso M
; Uetrecht C
; Gersting SW
Sci Rep
2025[Oct]; 15
(1
): 37168
PMID41131340
show ga
Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a mitochondrial
homotetrameric flavoprotein that catalyzes the first step in fatty acid
beta-oxidation. MCAD deficiency arises from variants that either impair enzymatic
activity or destabilize interactions between subunits, leading to protein
aggregation. Standard enzymatic assays measure the overall MCAD activity but
cannot differentiate between tetramers and other protein forms-critical for
understanding the impact of pathogenic variants on structure destabilization. In
this study, we adapted a native gel colorimetric assay to quantify the activity
of MCAD tetramers separately from other protein forms, providing novel insights
into how pathogenic variants affect MCAD structure and function. The assay showed
a linear correlation between protein amount and enzymatic activity for
octanoyl-CoA, a physiological MCAD substrate. Applying this method to clinically
relevant MCAD variants allowed us to distinguish subtle differences in protein
shape, enzymatic activity, and FAD content, offering profound implications for
understanding the molecular basis of MCADD. This methodology can be extended to
analyze variants in other acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family members-such as
glutaryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA or short-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenases-that
are implicated in disorders of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.