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2025 ; 15
(1
): 37154
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LC/ESI-MS/MS phytochemical profiling and apoptotic effect of Haloxylon scoparium
leaf extract on hepatocellular carcinoma
#MMPMID41131348
Ghareeb MA
; Bakchiche B
; Aouiffat Y
; Aboushousha T
; Marzouk M
; Okasha H
Sci Rep
2025[Oct]; 15
(1
): 37154
PMID41131348
show ga
Haloxylon scoparium, a plant native to Moroccan Sahara, was investigated for its
potential anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study
aimed to evaluate the effects of its methanolic extract on HCC and to conduct
detailed chemical analysis using LC-ESI-MS/MS. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed
using HepG2 liver cancer cell line. In vivo experiments involved inducing HCC in
mice with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). The study monitored inflammatory (TNF-?),
apoptotic (BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-8), and oncogenic markers (AFP, Bcl-2) through
blood and liver tissue analysis. Liver histopathology was also performed to
evaluate tissue-level changes. Mice survival rates were 83.33% in the DEN group
and 91.67% in the DEN/H. scoparium group. Liver function markers (TBILR, ALP,
AST) significantly decreased in the treatment group. TNF-? levels, elevated in
DEN-only mice, were notably reduced after treatment. Oncogenic markers showed
significant elevation in the DEN group but were decreased in the treatment group,
whereas apoptotic markers were significantly elevated after treatment.
Histopathology revealed more preserved liver architecture and scattered apoptotic
foci in treated mice. Phytochemical profiling identified 27 compounds, including
organic acids, phenolic acid derivatives, and flavonoids by LC/ESI-MS/MS.
Molecular docking using AutoDock MGLTools 1.5.7 showed strong binding affinities
of quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides with cancer-related proteins (BCL-2,
BAX, Caspases, AFP, TNF-?), supporting experimental results. 3D interaction
models and box plots confirmed the stability and specificity of ligand-protein
interactions. The study concludes that H. scoparium extract demonstrates
promising multi-target anticancer potential and may serve as a valuable candidate
for pharmaceutical development.
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