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2025 ; 8
(1
): 1495
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An uncharacterized small protein MicN mediates the transcriptional reprogramming
of Salmonella through regulating the RpoS-RNA polymerase interaction
#MMPMID41131400
Liu R
; Wang Q
; Yuan X
; Yue Y
; Zhang P
; Yin K
; Wang W
; Li B
Commun Biol
2025[Oct]; 8
(1
): 1495
PMID41131400
show ga
Salmonella adapts its metabolism upon entry into macrophages to survive in the
hostile host environment. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms involved
remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterized
small protein, MicN, that is essential for the survival of Salmonella within
macrophages and significantly influences its pathogenicity in vivo. The
expression of MicN induces substantial alterations in the metabolic pathways of
Salmonella, notably resulting in promoting a transition to a low-energy metabolic
state. We determined the crystal structure of MicN, revealing the protein
conformation characterized by a high density of negatively charged regions on its
surface. Employing a pull-down assay, we established that MicN primarily
interacts with RNA polymerase (RNAP). Computational modeling of the interaction
between MicN and RNA polymerase subunits suggested a strong likelihood of binding
between MicN and RpoS. Further validation through both in vivo and in vitro
experiments confirmed the direct interaction of MicN and RpoS. The predicted
MicN-RpoS structure indicated that the binding of MicN to RpoS modifies RpoS's
interaction with RNAP core enzyme, and functional assays confirmed that MicN
indeed changes the binding affinity of RpoS to RNA polymerase. This research
provides the first insight into how Salmonella utilizes specific small proteins
to finely tune transcriptional reprogramming, thereby establishing a foundational
understanding of the intracellular survival mechanisms of pathogens and paving
the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.