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10.1186/s12879-025-11910-6 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12879-025-11910-6 C12548183!12548183 !41131535     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\41131535 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       BMC+Infect+Dis 2025 ; 25 (1 ): 1394 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=41131535 |t=2025. Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study |pdf=|usr=}}{{41131535 }} gab.com Text Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study JO: BMC Infect Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41131535 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is a refractory infectious disease, with a low success rate of the antimicrobial therapy. T cells and macrophages play a critical role in regulating the mechanism of immunity against mycobacterial infections. Although T cell dysfunction may be associated with treatment failure in MAC-PD, supporting evidence is scarce. This study aimed to elucidate the immunological characteristics of patients with refractory MAC-PD, focusing on immunosuppression and T cell exhaustion. METHODS: Patients with MAC-PD who received standard antimicrobial therapy for at least 12 months were enrolled and classified into treatment success or failure groups. Flow cytometry was used to investigate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell characteristics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: This study involved 41 patients, including 21 and 20 in the treatment success and failure groups, respectively. Patients with MAC-PD had higher expression of co-inhibitory molecules, including PD-1 and TIM-3, as well as CD160, LAG-3, and 2B4, on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells than healthy controls. However, no differences in expression were observed between the treatment success and failure groups for most activation, co-stimulatory, and co-inhibitory molecules and transcription factors. Furthermore, no difference in effector cytokine production (IL-2, TNF, and IFN-?) in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was observed between the groups. However, patients with MAC-PD with low IL-2-producing CD8? T cells had a significantly longer disease duration than those with moderate and high IL-2-producing status (138.3 vs. 42.7 months). CD8(+) T cells from patients with MAC-PD with low IL-2 production and prolonged disease duration tended to express higher 2B4 and lower CD28 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The effector functions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are not lost during treatment failure. However, low CD8(+) T cell IL-2 production was significantly associated with longer disease duration. High 2B4 and low CD28 expression on CD8(+) T cells may represent potential markers of T cell dysfunction. Such patients may serve as suitable targets for future host-directed therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network of Japan (registration number: UMIN000043426, registration date: March 1, 2021). Twit Text FOAVip Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study ????BMC Infect Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41131535 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41131535 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|41131535 }}</ref> Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study #MMPMID41131535 Matsuura A ; Shindo Y ; Sugiyama D ; Nakagawa T ; Hayashi Y ; Sano M ; Goto Y ; Kato S ; Nishikawa H ; Ogawa K ; Ishii M BMC Infect Dis 2025[Oct]; 25 (1 ): 1394 PMID41131535 show ga BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is a refractory infectious disease, with a low success rate of the antimicrobial therapy. T cells and macrophages play a critical role in regulating the mechanism of immunity against mycobacterial infections. Although T cell dysfunction may be associated with treatment failure in MAC-PD, supporting evidence is scarce. This study aimed to elucidate the immunological characteristics of patients with refractory MAC-PD, focusing on immunosuppression and T cell exhaustion. METHODS: Patients with MAC-PD who received standard antimicrobial therapy for at least 12 months were enrolled and classified into treatment success or failure groups. Flow cytometry was used to investigate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell characteristics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: This study involved 41 patients, including 21 and 20 in the treatment success and failure groups, respectively. Patients with MAC-PD had higher expression of co-inhibitory molecules, including PD-1 and TIM-3, as well as CD160, LAG-3, and 2B4, on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells than healthy controls. However, no differences in expression were observed between the treatment success and failure groups for most activation, co-stimulatory, and co-inhibitory molecules and transcription factors. Furthermore, no difference in effector cytokine production (IL-2, TNF, and IFN-?) in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was observed between the groups. However, patients with MAC-PD with low IL-2-producing CD8? T cells had a significantly longer disease duration than those with moderate and high IL-2-producing status (138.3 vs. 42.7 months). CD8(+) T cells from patients with MAC-PD with low IL-2 production and prolonged disease duration tended to express higher 2B4 and lower CD28 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The effector functions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are not lost during treatment failure. However, low CD8(+) T cell IL-2 production was significantly associated with longer disease duration. High 2B4 and low CD28 expression on CD8(+) T cells may represent potential markers of T cell dysfunction. Such patients may serve as suitable targets for future host-directed therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network of Japan (registration number: UMIN000043426, registration date: March 1, 2021). |*Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use [MESH] |*Drug Resistance, Bacterial [MESH] |*Lung Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/microbiology [MESH] |*Mycobacterium avium Complex/drug effects/immunology [MESH] |*Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/immunology/drug therapy/microbiology [MESH] |Adult [MESH] |Aged [MESH] |CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology [MESH] |CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology [MESH] |Female [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Male [MESH]Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing