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2025 ; 15
(10
): e098151
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Dose-averaged LET escalation with multi-ion therapy for head and neck cancers: a
phase I study protocol for a prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-centre
trial (MULTI-ION-HN-I)
#MMPMID41101952
Ikawa H
; Shinoto M
; Koto M
; Masuda T
; Inaniwa T
; Takiyama H
; Isozaki T
; Yamada S
; Ishikawa H
BMJ Open
2025[Oct]; 15
(10
): e098151
PMID41101952
show ga
INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment for unresectable head and neck cancer
typically involves radiotherapy (RT) alone or chemoradiotherapy (chemo-RT).
Non-squamous cell carcinomas exhibit relatively low radiosensitivity, limiting
the efficacy of conventional photon RT. Carbon-ion (C-ion) RT, characterised by
high linear energy transfer (LET) and high relative biological effectiveness
(RBE), has shown promising outcomes in treating radioresistant head and neck
cancers. However, local recurrences still occur, and further improvements in
treatment outcomes are needed. To enhance the local control rate, an increase in
dose-averaged LET (LETd) to the tumour was considered.Following a simulation
study, a clinical trial was conducted to optimise LETd using only C-ion therapy,
and its safety was confirmed. However, in this clinical trial, LETd could only be
increased to approximately 70 keV/?m. To further escalate LETd, multi-ion therapy
using ions heavier than carbon was developed. Simulation studies demonstrated
that multi-ion therapy incorporating carbon, oxygen and neon ions could increase
LETd up to 90 keV/?m, regardless of tumour size, while maintaining high-dose
uniformity within the tumour. Based on these results, a clinical study was
planned to evaluate the safety of escalating LETd from 70 keV/?m to 90 keV/?m
using multi-ion therapy. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the
safety of escalating LETd to the tumour using multi-ion therapy for head and neck
cancer, with the secondary goal of identifying the maximum tolerated LETd.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1 study focused
on LETd escalation. A maximum of 18 patients with histologically confirmed
inoperable head and neck malignancies will be enrolled. All patients will receive
multi-ion therapy using helium, carbon, oxygen or neon ions, either alone or in
combination, at an RBE-weighted dose ranging from 57.6 to 70.4?Gy, delivered in
16 fractions (4 fractions per week) over 4 weeks. The specific dose will be
determined according to histology. LETd escalation will begin at 70 keV/?m and
will increase by 10 keV/?m increments, reaching a maximum of 90 keV/?m. The
safety of multi-ion therapy will be assessed based on the frequency and severity
of dose-limiting toxicities, monitored up to 90 days after the initial
irradiation. Patients will be followed up according to the protocol for 180 days
after the initial multi-ion therapy irradiation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The
study protocol has been approved by the National Institutes for Quantum Science
and Technology Certified Review Board (#L24-002). The results will be published
in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a scientific conference. TRIAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER: jRCTs032240451.