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2025 ; 13
(5
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Progress of diabetic retinopathy up to 24 years in patients with type 2 diabetes
in Sweden: a cohort study from the Skaraborgs Diabetes Register
#MMPMID41101793
Garberg G
; Bengtsson Boström K
; Hjerpe P
; Ayala M
; Lövestam Adrian M
; Andersson T
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
2025[Oct]; 13
(5
): ä PMID41101793
show ga
INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR)
and sight-threatening DR (STDR) through 2021 in patients diagnosed with type 2
diabetes (T2DM) in 1996-2004. The study also investigated risk factors associated
with DR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The cohort comprised patients in the
Swedish Skaraborg Diabetes Register in 1996-2004 who were ?70 years at T2DM
diagnosis and without DR at first-eye examination. Clinical data at diagnosis
included age, smoking habits, body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1c,
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, c-peptide and
antihypertensive drugs as a proxy for hypertension. The level of DR at first eye
examination after diagnosis through 31 December 2021 was extracted from medical
records at the Department of Ophthalmology, Skaraborg Hospital. The cumulative
incidence of DR was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate Cox
regression models were used to estimate the risk of DR. RESULTS: The study
included 2267 patients; over the course of 24 years of follow-up (mean 12.8±5.8
years), 926 developed DR and 101 developed STDR. The cumulative incidence after
10 and 20 years was 29.0% and 67.6% for DR and 1.4% and 11.4% for STDR. Higher
HbA1c (HR 1.02 per 1?mmol/mol, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02) and antihypertensive
treatment at diagnosis (HR 1.26, 95%?CI 1.08 to 1.47) were associated with
increased risk of DR. Higher age (HR 0.98 per year, 95%?CI 0.97 to 0.98) and
diagnosis in 1999-2004 versus 1996-1998 (HR 0.58, 95%?CI 0.51 to 0.66) were
associated with a lower risk of DR. CONCLUSION: During follow-up, 926 patients
developed DR, whereas 101 developed STDR. Higher HbA1c and antihypertensive
treatment were associated with a higher risk of developing DR and STDR, while
higher age at diagnosis and diagnosis in 1999-2004 versus 1996-1998 were
associated with lower risk.
|*Biomarkers/analysis
[MESH]
|*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology
[MESH]