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2025 ; 5
(1
): 385
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Meal timing trajectories in older adults and their associations with morbidity,
genetic profiles, and mortality
#MMPMID40908294
Dashti HS
; Liu C
; Deng H
; Sharma A
; Payton A
; Maharani A
; Didikoglu A
Commun Med (Lond)
2025[Sep]; 5
(1
): 385
PMID40908294
show ga
BACKGROUND: Older adults are vulnerable to mistimed food intake due to health and
environmental changes; characterizing meal timing may inform strategies to
promote healthy aging. We investigated longitudinal trajectories of self-reported
meal timing in older adults and their associations with morbidity, genetic
profiles, and all-cause mortality. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2945
community-dwelling older adults from the University of Manchester Longitudinal
Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age, with up to five
repeated assessments of meal timing and health behaviors conducted between 1983
and 2017. Linear mixed-effects models, latent class analysis, and Cox regression
were used to examine relationships between meal timing with illness and
behavioral factors, genetic scores for chronotype and obesity, and mortality.
RESULTS: Here we show older age is associated with later breakfast and dinner
times, a later eating midpoint, and a shorter daily eating window. Physical and
psychological illnesses, including fatigue, oral health problems, depression,
anxiety, and multimorbidity, are primarily associated with later breakfast.
Genetic profiles related to an evening chronotype, but not obesity, are linked to
later meals. Later breakfast timing is also associated with increased mortality.
Latent class analysis of meal timing trajectories identify early and late eating
groups, with 10-year survival rates of 86.7% in the late eating group compared to
89.5% in the early eating group. CONCLUSIONS: Meal timing, particularly later
breakfast, shifts with age and may reflect broader health changes in older
adults, with implications for morbidity and longevity.