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2025 ; 16
(ä): 21514593251353114
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Regional Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Adults: A Retrospective
Comparison of Outcomes Using ACS NSQIP Data
#MMPMID40585866
Torrie AM
; Slobogean GP
; Johnson R
; Samet RE
; Galvagno SM
; O'Toole RV
; O'Hara NN
Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil
2025[]; 16
(ä): 21514593251353114
PMID40585866
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Surgical fixation of hip fractures in older adults is associated
with significant morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether regional
anesthesia, which excluded epidural, spinal, or combined epidural-spinal, was
associated with lower postoperative complication rates compared to general or
spinal anesthesia in patients aged 50 years and older undergoing hip fracture
surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the American
College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)
Targeted Hip Fracture dataset from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022.
Propensity score matching was used to compare regional anesthesia with general
and spinal anesthesia. Given the NSQIP database excludes epidural, spinal, and
combined epidural-spinal anesthesia from the regional classification, it was
presumed that the remaining regional anesthesia patients received a peripheral
nerve block. The primary outcome measure was a 30-day composite of death,
myocardial infarction, or stroke. RESULTS: The study analyzed 54,623 patients,
from which 323 received regional anesthesia. These were separately matched with
323 cases of general anesthesia and 323 cases of spinal anesthesia. Regional
anesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of the primary composite outcome
compared to both general anesthesia (3% vs 7%, risk ratio 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2 to
0.6, P < 0.001) and spinal anesthesia (3% vs 7%, risk ratio 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3 to
0.9, P = 0.01). A subgroup effect was detected, with high-risk patients (ASA
IV-V) experiencing the greatest protective benefit from regional anesthesia.
CONCLUSIONS: Regional anesthesia techniques, excluding epidural, spinal, or
combined epidural-spinal techniques, were associated with lower rates of major
postoperative complications in older adults undergoing hip fracture surgery
compared to general or spinal anesthesia. This benefit was more pronounced in
high-risk patients. Our findings suggest that regional anesthesia, most likely
administered via a peripheral nerve block, may offer benefits beyond pain control
in this population, potentially improving postoperative outcomes.