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2024 ; 13
(ä): 350
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Benzydamine hydrochloride: an overview on a well-established drug with news in
mechanisms of action
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2024[]; 13
(ä): 350
PMID40585879
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Pain and inflammation are the consequences of sore throat, dental and oral
procedures, infections, ulcers and head and neck chemotherapy/radiotherapy, and
their management is of fundamental importance to avoid distress in patients.
Benzydamine hydrochloride (HCl) is a topical indolic nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drug, endowed with analgesic and anesthetic activity, and with
antimicrobial (including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) and
antifungal properties (targeting Candida albicans and non-albicans strains), used
in odontostomatology, otorhinolaryngology, and gynecology for its properties.
This molecule has a lipophilic nature, showing high affinity with cell membranes
and exhibiting membrane stabilization properties, resulting in local anesthesia,
an effect related also to the interaction of the drug with cationic channels.
Unlike other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, benzydamine HCl is a weak
inhibitor of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase and consequently its primary
mechanisms of action are not related to arachidonic acid metabolism and do not
affect the biosynthesis of the inflammation mediators prostanoids, prostacyclin,
thromboxane and leukotrienes. Benzydamine HCl is able to inhibit the production
of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with consequent analgesia. Moreover, benzydamine
HCl is able to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial interactions and platelet
aggregation. Here we review the most updated clinical data available on
benzydamine HCl local application as spray, mouthwash or gargling and evidence of
its effectiveness in inflammatory and/or septic conditions in the
otorhinolaryngology and odontostomatology settings, with particular reference to
sore throat, oral inflammation, dental plaque, tonsillitis/tonsillectomy and
chemo- or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Novel formulations for oral and
oromucosal/buccal/intraoral administration of benzydamine HCl are also reviewed,
including in situ gelling formulations to be sprayed onto the damaged oral
mucosa. Finally, novel data on the potential role of benzydamine HCl in
nociceptor excitability are introduced.
|*Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology/therapeutic use
[MESH]