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10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00112-3 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00112-3 9423927!ä!9423927 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 276.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Neuropharmacology 1997 ; 36 (10): 1393-403 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=9423927|t=1997. The glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the hippocampus of freely moving rats: modulation by cyclothiazide, interaction with GABA and the behavioural consequences |pdf=|usr=}}{{9423927}} gab.com Text The glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the hippocampus of freely moving rats: modulation by cyclothiazide, interaction with GABA and the behavioural consequences JO: Neuropharmacology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=9423927 #FOAvip Monitoring of extracellular cGMP during intracerebral microdialysis in freely moving rats permits the study of the functional changes occurring in the glutamate receptor/nitric oxide (NO) synthase/guanylyl cyclase pathway and the relationship of these changes to animal behaviour. When infused into the rat hippocampus in Mg2+-free medium, cyclothiazide, a blocker of desensitization of the AMPA-preferring receptor, increased cGMP levels. The effect of cyclothiazide (300 microM) was abolished by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NARG (100 microM) or the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (100 microM). During cyclothiazide infusion the animals displayed a pre-convulsive behaviour characterized by frequent "wet dog shakes" (WDS). Neither L-NARG nor ODQ decreased the WDS episodes. Both cGMP and WDS responses elicited by cyclothiazide were prevented by blocking NMDA receptor function with the glutamate site antagonist CGS 19755 (100 microM), the channel antagonist MK-801 (30 microM) or Mg2+ ions (1 mM). The AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists DNQX (100 microM) and NBQX (100 microM) abolished the WDS episodes but could not inhibit the cyclothiazide-evoked cGMP response. DNQX or NBQX (but not MK-801) elevated, on their own, extracellular cGMP levels. The cGMP response elicited by the antagonists appears to be due to prevention of a glutamate-dependent inhibitory GABAergic tone, since infusion of bicuculline (50 microM) caused a strong cGMP response. The results suggest that (a) AMPA/kainate receptors linked to the NO/cGMP pathway in the hippocampus (but not NMDA receptors) are tonically activated and kept in a desensitized state by endogenous glutamate; (b) blockade of AMPA/kainate receptor desensitization by cyclothiazide leads to endogenous activation of NMDA receptors; (c) the hippocampal NO/cGMP system is under a GABAergic inhibitory tone driven by non-NMDA ionotropic receptors; (d) the pre-convulsive episodes observed depend on hippocampal NMDA receptor activation but not on NO and cGMP production. Twit Text FOAVip The glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the hippocampus of freely moving rats: modulation by cyclothiazide, interaction with GABA and the behavioural consequences ????Neuropharmacology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=9423927 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=9423927 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|9423927}}</ref> The glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the hippocampus of freely moving rats: modulation by cyclothiazide, interaction with GABA and the behavioural consequences #MMPMID9423927 Fedele E; Conti A; Raiteri M Neuropharmacology 1997[Oct]; 36 (10): 1393-403 PMID9423927show ga Monitoring of extracellular cGMP during intracerebral microdialysis in freely moving rats permits the study of the functional changes occurring in the glutamate receptor/nitric oxide (NO) synthase/guanylyl cyclase pathway and the relationship of these changes to animal behaviour. When infused into the rat hippocampus in Mg2+-free medium, cyclothiazide, a blocker of desensitization of the AMPA-preferring receptor, increased cGMP levels. The effect of cyclothiazide (300 microM) was abolished by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NARG (100 microM) or the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (100 microM). During cyclothiazide infusion the animals displayed a pre-convulsive behaviour characterized by frequent "wet dog shakes" (WDS). Neither L-NARG nor ODQ decreased the WDS episodes. Both cGMP and WDS responses elicited by cyclothiazide were prevented by blocking NMDA receptor function with the glutamate site antagonist CGS 19755 (100 microM), the channel antagonist MK-801 (30 microM) or Mg2+ ions (1 mM). The AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists DNQX (100 microM) and NBQX (100 microM) abolished the WDS episodes but could not inhibit the cyclothiazide-evoked cGMP response. DNQX or NBQX (but not MK-801) elevated, on their own, extracellular cGMP levels. The cGMP response elicited by the antagonists appears to be due to prevention of a glutamate-dependent inhibitory GABAergic tone, since infusion of bicuculline (50 microM) caused a strong cGMP response. The results suggest that (a) AMPA/kainate receptors linked to the NO/cGMP pathway in the hippocampus (but not NMDA receptors) are tonically activated and kept in a desensitized state by endogenous glutamate; (b) blockade of AMPA/kainate receptor desensitization by cyclothiazide leads to endogenous activation of NMDA receptors; (c) the hippocampal NO/cGMP system is under a GABAergic inhibitory tone driven by non-NMDA ionotropic receptors; (d) the pre-convulsive episodes observed depend on hippocampal NMDA receptor activation but not on NO and cGMP production. |Animals[MESH] |Behavior, Animal/*drug effects[MESH] |Benzothiadiazines/*pharmacology[MESH] |Cyclic GMP/*metabolism[MESH] |Diuretics[MESH] |Drug Interactions[MESH] |Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology[MESH] |Hippocampus/*drug effects/metabolism[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors[MESH] |Nitric Oxide/*metabolism[MESH] |Quinoxalines/pharmacology[MESH] |Rats[MESH] |Rats, Sprague-Dawley[MESH] |Receptors, AMPA/antagonists & inhibitors[MESH] |Receptors, Glutamate/*drug effects[MESH] |Receptors, Kainic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors[MESH] |Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology[MESH] |Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*pharmacology[MESH]The glutamate receptor/NO/cyclic GMP pathway in the hippocampus of fre(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing