A village-level cluster randomized controlled implementation trial to measure the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention aiming to reduce women s exposures to household plastic waste burning in rural Guatemala: study protocol for the Ecolectivos trial #MMPMID41390662
Thompson LM; Lovvorn AE; Raheel H; Hengstermann-Artiga M; Lopez MR; Ramirez A; Barr DB; Higgins M; McCracken JP; Saikawa E; Handley MA
Trials 2025[Dec]; ? (?): ? PMID41390662show ga
BACKGROUND: Open burning of household waste, especially plastics, is a major but unaddressed environmental and health hazard in countries that lack infrastructure to properly manage waste. This study will implement village-level community working groups that aim to reduce household plastic waste burning and improve health-related quality of life in women of reproductive age in rural Guatemala. METHODS: Using a type 1 hybrid-effectiveness-implementation study design, we will randomize 16 matched-pair rural villages in Jalapa, Guatemala, and randomly select 400 women of reproductive age (25 in each village) who report burning plastic waste as a primary form of waste disposal to participate in the trial. In eight intervention villages, we will conduct 12-week community working groups to implement alternatives to burning plastic that are achievable over the subsequent 9 months. We will use the Behavior Change Wheel and RE-AIM, two implementation science frameworks, and a mixed-methods approach to refine, implement, and evaluate community-initiated interventions that address plastic waste. At baseline, 4 and 12 months, we will measure personal exposures to fine particulate matter and black carbon, and urinary biomarkers of exposure (e.g., bisphenols, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds). We will use filter-based 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene, a known tracer of plastic incineration, to quantify emissions estimates of air pollutants due to plastic burning. Based on plastic waste reductions in intervention villages, we will assess regional impacts of pollutant emissions reduction using a 3D chemical transport model. DISCUSSION: Our findings will inform community-driven public health actions to develop programs that address this environmental and health hazard. This project has direct benefit not only to those residing in Guatemala, but potentially in other areas where open waste burning contributes to air pollutants both regionally and globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05130632 (Trial registration date 10/20/2021).
Trials 2025 ; ? (?): ?
