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10.1007/s00442-025-05837-7 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s00442-025-05837-7 41369915!?!41369915 Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=41369915&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215       Oecologia 2025 ; 208 (1): 12 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=41369915|t=2025. Microscale temperatures affect the incidence and implications of predator-avoidance behavior in monarch caterpillars |pdf=|usr=}}{{41369915}} gab.com Text Microscale temperatures affect the incidence and implications of predator-avoidance behavior in monarch caterpillars JO: Oecologia http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41369915 #FOAvip The nonconsumptive effects associated with the predator-avoidance behaviors of potential prey species may commonly be context-dependent. In this study, we examined how temperature differences between the phyllosphere and the ground change the consequences of predator-avoidance dropping behavior in monarch caterpillars. We hypothesized that these consequences change on both diel and seasonal timescales, and that the risk associated with exposure to potentially high ground temperatures is likely to be greater for smaller caterpillars that have less thermal inertia and movement ability. We conducted field experiments to assess the mortality risk associated with dropping to the ground for different-sized caterpillars at a wide range of ground temperatures. We also assess if a caterpillar's probability of dropping in response to a standardized, simulated attack is consistent with adaptive expectations given variation in observed mortality risk under different conditions. We found that the survivorship consequences of dropping depend on both temperature and caterpillar size and that monarch caterpillars show context-dependent predator-avoidance behaviors consistent with changing adaptive expectations across a wide range of temperatures and body sizes. However, we also observed a potentially nonadaptive willingness to drop at high temperatures, consistent with a biological constraint imposed by increased reactivity. These results contribute to a general knowledge gap regarding the context dependence of nonconsumptive effects in nature. Twit Text FOAVip Microscale temperatures affect the incidence and implications of predator-avoidance behavior in monarch caterpillars ????Oecologia http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41369915 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=41369915 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|41369915}}</ref> Microscale temperatures affect the incidence and implications of predator-avoidance behavior in monarch caterpillars #MMPMID41369915 Singh P; Yang LH Oecologia 2025[Dec]; 208 (1): 12 PMID41369915show ga The nonconsumptive effects associated with the predator-avoidance behaviors of potential prey species may commonly be context-dependent. In this study, we examined how temperature differences between the phyllosphere and the ground change the consequences of predator-avoidance dropping behavior in monarch caterpillars. We hypothesized that these consequences change on both diel and seasonal timescales, and that the risk associated with exposure to potentially high ground temperatures is likely to be greater for smaller caterpillars that have less thermal inertia and movement ability. We conducted field experiments to assess the mortality risk associated with dropping to the ground for different-sized caterpillars at a wide range of ground temperatures. We also assess if a caterpillar's probability of dropping in response to a standardized, simulated attack is consistent with adaptive expectations given variation in observed mortality risk under different conditions. We found that the survivorship consequences of dropping depend on both temperature and caterpillar size and that monarch caterpillars show context-dependent predator-avoidance behaviors consistent with changing adaptive expectations across a wide range of temperatures and body sizes. However, we also observed a potentially nonadaptive willingness to drop at high temperatures, consistent with a biological constraint imposed by increased reactivity. These results contribute to a general knowledge gap regarding the context dependence of nonconsumptive effects in nature. |*Predatory Behavior[MESH] |*Temperature[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Avoidance Learning[MESH]Microscale temperatures affect the incidence and implications of pred(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing