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Malignant Transformation of a Pediatric Intracranial Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor to Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review #MMPMID41359885
Borden ES; Posorske B; Long C; Keller L; Kuwabara M; Tiwari N; Tola EZ; Bristol RE; Ahmed SK; Hoffman LM; Mangum R
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2025[Nov]; ? (?): ? PMID41359885show ga
Malignant transformation of intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) is a rare but clinically relevant phenomenon. We present the case of a 13-year-old boy with a localized, pineal NGGCT. After an initial favorable response, tumor growth was noted while still on chemotherapy. Histopathologic characterization revealed that 40% of the tumor was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), consistent with potential malignant transformation. Due to the rare nature of NGGCT malignant transformation, the best clinical approach to these cases remains unclear. We explore existing cases, treatments, and outcomes of malignant transformation in intracranial NGGCTs to help inform future clinical decision-making and the establishment of treatment guidelines.