Microbial driver of 2006-2023 CH(4) growth indicated by trends in atmospheric deltaD-CH(4) and delta(13)C-CH(4) #MMPMID41359847
Riddell-Young B; Michel SE; Lan X; Tans P; Rockmann T; Dasgupta B; Oh Y; Bruhwiler LMP; Fujita R; Umezawa T; Morimoto S; Miller JB
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025[Dec]; 122 (50): e2516543122 PMID41359847show ga
Methane (CH(4)) is the second most important greenhouse gas and has been rising following a brief period of stabilization from 1999 to 2006. Determining the cause of this rise is critical for reducing emissions and predicting future climate sensitivity. The carbon and hydrogen stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CH(4) is controlled by variability in isotopically distinguishable emission categories and fractionating sink processes. While most studies using atmospheric delta(13)C-CH(4) data suggest a dominantly microbial source for recent CH(4) growth, this understanding is not uniform, and uncertainties remain [S. Schwietzke et al., Nature 538, 88-91 (2016), S. Basu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 22, 15351-15377 (2022), J. Thanwerdas, M. Saunois, A. Berchet, I. Pison, P. Bousquet, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 24, 2129-2167 (2024)]. Here, we present a harmonized global measurement record of atmospheric deltaD-CH(4) and estimate emissions from 1999 to 2022 with global isotope mass balance calculations using both carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios. We conduct thorough uncertainty analyses to separate absolute magnitude and emission trend uncertainties and find with high confidence that trends in delta(13)C-CH(4) and deltaD-CH(4) observations are both consistent with an entirely microbial emission driver of the post-2006 CH(4) rise, while fossil fuel emissions have remained relatively stable.
Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A 2025 ; 122 (50): e2516543122
