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In Situ Observation of Na(2)S Growth: A Step Toward High-Energy and Safer Room Temperature Sodium Sulfur Batteries #MMPMID41355787
Xiong Z; Chen S; Guo J; Cheng N; Zhang S; Zhang B; Wei Z; Sun S; Guo Z
Adv Mater 2025[Dec]; ? (?): e05966 PMID41355787show ga
The Na(2)S cathode presents a promising metal-free sodium configuration for high-energy room-temperature sodium sulfur (RT Na horizontal line S) batteries. However, the rational design of Na(2)S cathodes to overcome their poor electronic conductivity and sluggish conversion kinetics remains a major challenge. Here, an in situ carbothermic reduction strategy is reported to fabricate atomic Mo anchored on Na(2)S/C (including single Mo atom and Mo clusters) as cathode materials for RT Na horizontal line S batteries. In situ transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique reveal that atomic Mo could form a low-temperature eutectic phase, which catalytically lowers the formation temperature of Na(2)S. This Mo-Na(2)S/C exhibits remarkable cyclic stability, achieving an initial capacity of 1617 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) and a low activation voltage of 1.89 V. Notably, when paired with hard carbon, the safe sodium full cell delivers an impressive initial reversible capacity of 952 mAh g(-1). Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the atomic Mo facilitates the interfacial electron transfer between Mo and Na(2)S, which modulates the bandgap of Na(2)S and reduces its reaction barriers to polysulfide, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics. These findings offer an effective strategy for developing high-performance Na(2)S cathodes and provide deeper insights into electrode preparation mechanisms.
Adv+Mater 2025 ; ? (?): e05966
