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Three decades of remote sensing applications in avian ecological studies in India: A review and future directions in avian monitoring #MMPMID41353493
Gautam A; Verma P; Kushwaha S; Dubey S; Bhatt D; Singh A; Kalle R
Environ Monit Assess 2025[Dec]; 198 (1): 19 PMID41353493show ga
Remote sensing technology enables broad-scale ecological studies, with birds indicating global changes and validating its data. Despite its global relevance, the integration of remote sensing in ornithological research in India remains limited and fragmented. We conducted extensive literature review on the remote sensing applications in ornithological studies in India from 1992 to 2022 to reorient ornithological research primarily focusing on the existing satellite data, telemetry and GIS tools. The objectives of the review are: (1) to provide an overview of remote-sensing data applications in avian ecological studies, (2) to report the spatiotemporal trends and patterns in the characteristics of remote sensing data (scale, resolution, data source) applied in the studies, and identify the region-specific approaches and (3) to identify the research gaps, improve the methods and propose priority research themes by outlining the future scope of its applications in avian ecology and the conservation efforts as an opportunity to strengthen avian research using remote sensing technology in rapidly changing landscapes. We systematically reviewed literature (N = 108) that related remotely sensed data to bird distribution, abundance assessment, and migration. Our review covered 132 bird species across 19 orders and 5 feeding guilds. Forest birds were more frequently studied than wetland birds, with nearly 50% of the studies focused on single species. Galliformes were the most represented while Falconiformes, Columbiformes, and Ciconiiformes were the least. Studies largely focused on habitat suitability using avian occurrence data (51%) while avian disease outbreak, genetics, and nest site data (each 2%) had least contribution. Our review suggests the need to bridge ecological knowledge gaps using remote sensing and GIS tools through interdisciplinary collaboration among ornithologists, remote sensing experts, and scientists from other allied fields as this can improve data-sharing policies and develop innovative user-friendly products for applications in avian research. Additionally, community participation through citizen science can generate valuable crowd-sourced data for bird conservation and ecosystem management.
Environ+Monit+Assess 2025 ; 198 (1): 19
