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Effect of powder particle size on hydration rates, permeability and antimicrobial properties of tricalcium silicate in root canals #MMPMID41348402
He H; Wang ZH; Hao BL; Xiong X; Cheng Y; Lou J; He ZY; Li DY; Qin J
J Mater Sci Mater Med 2025[Dec]; ? (?): ? PMID41348402show ga
This study investigated the impact of particle size refinement on the hydration rate, permeability, and antimicrobial properties of tricalcium silicate (C(3)S) in root canal applications. Four C(3)S pastes with varying particle sizes were prepared and evaluated. Hydration experiments indicated that finer particles accelerated the early hydration rate, though agglomeration effects influenced the long-term behavior. Permeability assessments using simulated body fluid and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that smaller particles achieved significantly greater penetration depth and area into dentinal tubules. Antimicrobial tests against Enterococcus faecalis demonstrated that the 0.4 mum C(3)S group exhibited superior bactericidal efficacy, with a notable improvement in penetration and antibacterial activity compared to the 12.8 mum group. These findings suggest that particle size reduction enhances the functional performance of C(3)S-based sealers in endodontic therapy.