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10.1016/j.farma.2025.08.005 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.farma.2025.08.005 40914675!ä!40914675 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\40914675.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Farm+Hosp 2025 ; ä (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=40914675|t=2025. Standarization and characterization of intravenous drug dilutions in critically ill pediatric patients |pdf=|usr=}}{{40914675}} gab.com Text Standarization and characterization of intravenous drug dilutions in critically ill pediatric patients JO: Farm Hosp http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=40914675 #FOAvip OBJECTIVE: To standardize the drug dilutions administered intravenously in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and to characterize these dilutions based on their pH, osmolarity, and vesicant nature. This aims to guide the selection of the most appropriate vascular access device, minimizing associated complications, and preserving the patient's venous capital. METHODS: Through a consensus between Pharmacy and Pediatric Services, the most frequently administered intravenous drugs in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit were selected. Two different dilutions were established for each drug, followed by the determination of their respective osmolarity and pH values. The vesicant nature of each drug was assessed according to the classification proposed by Clark et al. Additionally, vascular access device selection was guided by the algorithm proposed by Manrique et al., which considers the drug's properties, the duration of intravenous therapy, and the patient's venous capital status. RESULTS: A total of 60 dilutions corresponding to 30 drugs from the following therapeutic groups were analyzed: antimicrobials (56%), antiepileptics (13%), sedatives (7%), diuretics (7%), anti-inflammatory and analgesics (7%), and others (10%). Twenty-five percent of the dilutions exhibited at least one high-risk factor for phlebitis (osmolarity >600?mOsm/L or pH?<?4 or?>?9), while 35% were classified as intermediate risk (osmolarity 450-600?mOsm/L or pH?4-5 or?>?7.5-9). Only 10% of the analyzed drugs were classified as vesicants (acyclovir, phenytoin, and vancomycin). Seventeen dilutions of nine different drugs were identified that should not be administered through a peripheral venous catheter, even in short-term treatments. Of these, 15 had a high risk of causing phlebitis, while 2 had an intermediate risk. CONCLUSIONS: The physicochemical properties (osmolarity and pH) and vesicant nature of drugs are key factors contributing to the development of phlebitis in critically ill pediatric patients. Standardizing and characterizing drug dilutions will facilitate the selection of the most appropriate vascular access device, improving the safety and effectiveness of intravenous therapy. Twit Text FOAVip Standarization and characterization of intravenous drug dilutions in critically ill pediatric patients ????Farm Hosp http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=40914675 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=40914675 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|40914675}}</ref> Standarization and characterization of intravenous drug dilutions in critically ill pediatric patients #MMPMID40914675 Torralba-Fernandez L; Garcia-Palomo M; Lopez de Abechuco-Ruiz M; Ramos-Sanchez N; Jimenez-Mendez C; Prieto-Galindo R; Lorenzo-Lozano MC; Aguado-Barroso P Farm Hosp 2025[Sep]; ä (ä): ä PMID40914675show ga OBJECTIVE: To standardize the drug dilutions administered intravenously in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and to characterize these dilutions based on their pH, osmolarity, and vesicant nature. This aims to guide the selection of the most appropriate vascular access device, minimizing associated complications, and preserving the patient's venous capital. METHODS: Through a consensus between Pharmacy and Pediatric Services, the most frequently administered intravenous drugs in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit were selected. Two different dilutions were established for each drug, followed by the determination of their respective osmolarity and pH values. The vesicant nature of each drug was assessed according to the classification proposed by Clark et al. Additionally, vascular access device selection was guided by the algorithm proposed by Manrique et al., which considers the drug's properties, the duration of intravenous therapy, and the patient's venous capital status. RESULTS: A total of 60 dilutions corresponding to 30 drugs from the following therapeutic groups were analyzed: antimicrobials (56%), antiepileptics (13%), sedatives (7%), diuretics (7%), anti-inflammatory and analgesics (7%), and others (10%). Twenty-five percent of the dilutions exhibited at least one high-risk factor for phlebitis (osmolarity >600?mOsm/L or pH??9), while 35% were classified as intermediate risk (osmolarity 450-600?mOsm/L or pH?4-5 or?>?7.5-9). Only 10% of the analyzed drugs were classified as vesicants (acyclovir, phenytoin, and vancomycin). Seventeen dilutions of nine different drugs were identified that should not be administered through a peripheral venous catheter, even in short-term treatments. Of these, 15 had a high risk of causing phlebitis, while 2 had an intermediate risk. CONCLUSIONS: The physicochemical properties (osmolarity and pH) and vesicant nature of drugs are key factors contributing to the development of phlebitis in critically ill pediatric patients. Standardizing and characterizing drug dilutions will facilitate the selection of the most appropriate vascular access device, improving the safety and effectiveness of intravenous therapy. äStandarization and characterization of intravenous drug dilutions in c(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing