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10.1002/npr2.70033 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1002/npr2.70033 40590180!ä!40590180 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\40590180.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Neuropsychopharmacol+Rep 2025 ; 45 (3): e70033 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=40590180|t=2025. Revisiting the Gateway Drug Hypothesis for Cannabis: A Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide Survey Among Community Users in Japan |pdf=|usr=}}{{40590180}} gab.com Text Revisiting the Gateway Drug Hypothesis for Cannabis: A Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide Survey Among Community Users in Japan JO: Neuropsychopharmacol Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=40590180 #FOAvip AIM: Cannabis has historically been used for medicinal and industrial purposes, but is strictly regulated worldwide due to the psychoactive effects of THC. In Japan, cannabis is frequently labeled a "gateway drug," yet strong causal evidence for progression to other substances is limited. This study investigates whether cannabis acts as a gateway drug among Japanese users. METHODS: An anonymous online survey was conducted in January 2021 with 3900 individuals reporting lifetime cannabis use in Japan. Participants were recruited via social media. The survey gathered data on demographics, cannabis and other substance use history, order of substance initiation, psychiatric background, and criminal records. A Sankey diagram visualized substance use progression, and odds ratios were calculated to assess the likelihood of using other substances following cannabis use. RESULTS: Of all respondents, 81.5% were male, with the largest age group being 20-24. Tobacco and alcohol were the most common initial substances, while cannabis was typically the third. Odds for subsequent use of alcohol, tobacco, methamphetamine, and other illicit drugs after cannabis use were 1.25, 0.77, 0.08, and 0.78, respectively, suggesting low probabilities of progression. Nearly half of those who reported cannabis as their third drug did not use other substances afterward. CONCLUSION: Cannabis use in Japan typically follows alcohol and tobacco, and rarely leads to further drug use. These findings challenge the gateway hypothesis in the Japanese context. Shared vulnerabilities and strict drug policies may shape these patterns. Further research is warranted to explore the impact of legal changes on drug use behavior. REGISTRY AND REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE STUDY/TRIAL: Not applicable. Twit Text FOAVip Revisiting the Gateway Drug Hypothesis for Cannabis: A Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide Survey Among Community Users in Japan ????Neuropsychopharmacol Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=40590180 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=40590180 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|40590180}}</ref> Revisiting the Gateway Drug Hypothesis for Cannabis: A Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide Survey Among Community Users in Japan #MMPMID40590180 Masataka Y; Katayama M; Umemura F; Sugiyama T; Miki N; Akahoshi Y; Oka C; Asahi T; Matsumori T; Takumi I; Murata H; Matsumoto T Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2025[Sep]; 45 (3): e70033 PMID40590180show ga AIM: Cannabis has historically been used for medicinal and industrial purposes, but is strictly regulated worldwide due to the psychoactive effects of THC. In Japan, cannabis is frequently labeled a "gateway drug," yet strong causal evidence for progression to other substances is limited. This study investigates whether cannabis acts as a gateway drug among Japanese users. METHODS: An anonymous online survey was conducted in January 2021 with 3900 individuals reporting lifetime cannabis use in Japan. Participants were recruited via social media. The survey gathered data on demographics, cannabis and other substance use history, order of substance initiation, psychiatric background, and criminal records. A Sankey diagram visualized substance use progression, and odds ratios were calculated to assess the likelihood of using other substances following cannabis use. RESULTS: Of all respondents, 81.5% were male, with the largest age group being 20-24. Tobacco and alcohol were the most common initial substances, while cannabis was typically the third. Odds for subsequent use of alcohol, tobacco, methamphetamine, and other illicit drugs after cannabis use were 1.25, 0.77, 0.08, and 0.78, respectively, suggesting low probabilities of progression. Nearly half of those who reported cannabis as their third drug did not use other substances afterward. CONCLUSION: Cannabis use in Japan typically follows alcohol and tobacco, and rarely leads to further drug use. These findings challenge the gateway hypothesis in the Japanese context. Shared vulnerabilities and strict drug policies may shape these patterns. Further research is warranted to explore the impact of legal changes on drug use behavior. REGISTRY AND REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE STUDY/TRIAL: Not applicable. |*Cannabis/adverse effects[MESH] |*Marijuana Use/epidemiology[MESH] |Adolescent[MESH] |Adult[MESH] |Aged[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Illicit Drugs[MESH] |Japan/epidemiology[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology[MESH] |Surveys and Questionnaires[MESH]Revisiting the Gateway Drug Hypothesis for Cannabis: A Secondary Analy(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing