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10.1186/s12916-022-02441-x http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12916-022-02441-x 35764965!9241220!35764965     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       BMC+Med 2022 ; 20 (1): 241 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=35764965|t=2022. Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro |pdf=|usr=}}{{35764965}} gab.com Text Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro JO: BMC Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=35764965 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a recently discovered strain of coronavirus. The virus has spread rapidly, causing millions of death worldwide. Contrary to the predictions, prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 have remained moderate on the African continent. Several factors, including age, genetics, vaccines, and co-infections, might impact the course of the pandemic in Africa. Helminths are highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and are renowned for their ability to evade, skew, and suppress human immune responses through various immune-modulatory mechanisms. Such effects will likely impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease progression. METHODS: Here, we analyzed in vitro the impact of antigen extracts from three major helminth parasites, including Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia malayi, and Ascaris lumbricoides, on the immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in COVID-19 patients. Activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was investigated using flow cytometry to monitor the expression of CD137 (4-1BB) and CD69. Cytokine expression, including IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNFalpha, was measured by Luminex in cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: We observed that helminth antigens significantly reduced the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4(+) T helper cells. In contrast, the expression of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8(+) T cells was not affected and even significantly increased when PBMCs from COVID-19 patients living in Benin, an endemic helminth country, were used. In addition, stimulation with helminth antigens was associated with increased IL-10 and a reduction of IFNgamma and TNFalpha. CONCLUSIONS: Our data offer a plausible explanation for the moderate incidence of COVID-19 in Africa and support the hypothesis that helper T cell-mediated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are mitigated in the presence of helminth antigens, while virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses are maintained. Twit Text FOAVip Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro ????BMC Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=35764965 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=35764965 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|35764965}}</ref> Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro #MMPMID35764965 Adjobimey T; Meyer J; Terkes V; Parcina M; Hoerauf A BMC Med 2022[Jun]; 20 (1): 241 PMID35764965show ga BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a recently discovered strain of coronavirus. The virus has spread rapidly, causing millions of death worldwide. Contrary to the predictions, prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 have remained moderate on the African continent. Several factors, including age, genetics, vaccines, and co-infections, might impact the course of the pandemic in Africa. Helminths are highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and are renowned for their ability to evade, skew, and suppress human immune responses through various immune-modulatory mechanisms. Such effects will likely impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease progression. METHODS: Here, we analyzed in vitro the impact of antigen extracts from three major helminth parasites, including Onchocerca volvulus, Brugia malayi, and Ascaris lumbricoides, on the immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in COVID-19 patients. Activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was investigated using flow cytometry to monitor the expression of CD137 (4-1BB) and CD69. Cytokine expression, including IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNFalpha, was measured by Luminex in cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: We observed that helminth antigens significantly reduced the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4(+) T helper cells. In contrast, the expression of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8(+) T cells was not affected and even significantly increased when PBMCs from COVID-19 patients living in Benin, an endemic helminth country, were used. In addition, stimulation with helminth antigens was associated with increased IL-10 and a reduction of IFNgamma and TNFalpha. CONCLUSIONS: Our data offer a plausible explanation for the moderate incidence of COVID-19 in Africa and support the hypothesis that helper T cell-mediated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are mitigated in the presence of helminth antigens, while virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses are maintained. |*COVID-19[MESH] |Antigens, Helminth[MESH] |Benin[MESH] |CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes[MESH] |CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Interleukin-10[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4(+) and(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing