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SARS-CoV-2 productively infects primary human immune system cells in vitro and in COVID-19 patients #MMPMID35451490
Pontelli MC; Castro IA; Martins RB; La Serra L; Veras FP; Nascimento DC; Silva CM; Cardoso RS; Rosales R; Gomes R; Lima TM; Souza JP; Vitti BC; Caetite DB; de Lima MHF; Stumpf SD; Thompson CE; Bloyet LM; Toller-Kawahisa JE; Giannini MC; Bonjorno LP; Lopes MIF; Batah SS; Siyuan L; Luppino-Assad R; Almeida SCL; Oliveira FR; Benatti MN; Pontes LLF; Santana RC; Vilar FC; Auxiliadora-Martins M; Shi PY; Cunha TM; Calado RT; Alves-Filho JC; Zamboni DS; Fabro AT; Louzada-Junior P; Oliveira RDR; Whelan SPJ; Cunha FQ; Arruda E
J Mol Cell Biol 2022[Aug]; 14 (4): ä PMID35451490show ga
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a hyperinflammatory state and lymphocytopenia, a hallmark that appears as both signature and prognosis of disease severity outcome. Although cytokine storm and a sustained inflammatory state are commonly associated with immune cell depletion, it is still unclear whether direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells could also play a role in this scenario by harboring viral replication. We found that monocytes, as well as both B and T lymphocytes, were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, accumulating double-stranded RNA consistent with viral RNA replication and ultimately leading to expressive T cell apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was frequently detected in monocytes and B lymphocytes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The rates of SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 patients increased over time from symptom onset, with SARS-CoV-2-positive monocytes, B cells, and CD4+ T lymphocytes also detected in postmortem lung tissue. These results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection of blood-circulating leukocytes in COVID-19 patients might have important implications for disease pathogenesis and progression, immune dysfunction, and virus spread within the host.