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10.14348/molcells.2021.5016 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.14348/molcells.2021.5016 34963103!8718366!34963103     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=34963103&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases |pdf=|usr=}}{{34963103}} gab.com Text Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases JO: Mol Cells http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34963103 #FOAvip The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, primarily localized in the heterochromatin, and silenced by methylation. But HERVs are now clearly shown to actively regulate gene expression in various physiological and pathological conditions such as developmental processes, immune regulation, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Recent studies report that HERVs are activated in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. In this review, we describe internal and external factors that influence HERV activities. We also present evidence showing the gene regulatory activity of HERV LTRs (long terminal repeats) in model organisms such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and invertebrate models of worms and flies. Finally, we discuss several molecular and cellular pathways involving various transcription factors and receptors, through which HERVs affect downstream cellular and physiological events such as epigenetic modifications, calcium influx, protein phosphorylation, and cytokine release. Understanding how HERVs participate in various physiological and pathological processes will help develop a strategy to generate effective therapeutic approaches targeting HERVs. Twit Text FOAVip Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases ????Mol Cells http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34963103 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34963103 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34963103}}</ref> Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases #MMPMID34963103 Durnaoglu S; Lee SK; Ahnn J Mol Cells 2021[Dec]; 44 (12): 861-878 PMID34963103show ga The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, primarily localized in the heterochromatin, and silenced by methylation. But HERVs are now clearly shown to actively regulate gene expression in various physiological and pathological conditions such as developmental processes, immune regulation, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Recent studies report that HERVs are activated in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. In this review, we describe internal and external factors that influence HERV activities. We also present evidence showing the gene regulatory activity of HERV LTRs (long terminal repeats) in model organisms such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and invertebrate models of worms and flies. Finally, we discuss several molecular and cellular pathways involving various transcription factors and receptors, through which HERVs affect downstream cellular and physiological events such as epigenetic modifications, calcium influx, protein phosphorylation, and cytokine release. Understanding how HERVs participate in various physiological and pathological processes will help develop a strategy to generate effective therapeutic approaches targeting HERVs. |*Gene Expression Regulation[MESH] |*Models, Animal[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/virology[MESH] |COVID-19/genetics/virology[MESH] |Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Neoplasms/*genetics/virology[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/physiology[MESH]Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing