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Oral Administration of Coronavirus Spike Protein Provides Protection to Newborn Pigs When Challenged with PEDV #MMPMID34960163
Maj M; Fake GM; Walker JH; Saltzman R; Howard JA
Vaccines (Basel) 2021[Nov]; 9 (12): ? PMID34960163show ga
To investigate whether oral administration of maize-produced S antigen can provide passive immunity to piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), 16 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) injection of PEDV vaccine (INJ), (2) maize grain without S protein (CON), (3) maize grain containing low dose of S antigen (LOV) and (4) maize grain containing a high dose of S antigen (HOV). Vaccines were administered on days 57, 85 and 110 of gestation. Sows' serum and colostrum were collected at farrowing and milk on day 6 post-challenge to quantify neutralizing antibodies (NABs) and cytokines. Piglets were challenged with PEDV 3-5 d after farrowing, and severity of disease and mortality assessed on day 11 post-challenge. Disease severity was lower in LOV and INJ compared with HOV and CON, whereas the survival rate increased in piglets from LOV sows compared with HOV and CON (p = 0.001). Higher titers of NABs and lower levels of cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in sows' milk were positively correlated with piglet survivability (p = 0.05). These data suggest that feeding S protein in corn to pregnant sows protects nursing piglets against PEDV.