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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid34930851      Iran+J+Kidney+Dis 2021 ; 15 (6): 397-407
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  • A Review on the Possible Pathophysiology of Potassium Abnormalities in COVID-19 #MMPMID34930851
  • Noori M; Nejadghaderi SA; Sullman MJM; Carson-Chahhoud K; Ardalan M; Kolahi AA; Safiri S
  • Iran J Kidney Dis 2021[Dec]; 15 (6): 397-407 PMID34930851show ga
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a catastrophic contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Electrolyte disturbances are common complications of COVID-19. The present article examined the potential mechanisms of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia in patients suffering from COVID-19, in order to raise awareness of potassium disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infections. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with keywords, such as "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "2019-nCoV", "Hypokalemia", "Hyperkalemia", "Serum potassium", and "Etiology", "Pathophysiology" up to April 20, 2021 without any search filters. We included articles that proposed potential mechanisms for potassium abnormalities in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we used backward and forward citation searching. Potassium abnormalities are considered to be important electrolyte disturbances, with reported incidences ranging from < 5% to > 50% in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, understanding the etiologies of potassium abnormalities could help to improve disease outcome. Utilization of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 in the renal cells, viral-induced tubular injury, and gastrointestinal abnormalities, such as anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting may predispose COVID-19 patients to developing hypokalemia. Furthermore, depleted magnesium levels make hypokalemia refractory to treatments. In addition, hyperkalemia may occur because of reduced urinary output, as a consequence of renal failure. Changes in blood pH and medication-induced side-effects are other possible reasons for the deviation of potassium levels from the normal range. The etiology of potassium abnormalities in COVID-19 patients is multifactorial. Therefore, the early detection and management of potassium disorders is vital and would improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6552.
  • |*COVID-19[MESH]
  • |*Hypokalemia/epidemiology/etiology[MESH]
  • |Humans[MESH]
  • |Potassium[MESH]


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