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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Sci+Immunol 2022 ; 7 (68): eabl5652 Nephropedia Template TP
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High-affinity, neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be made without T follicular helper cells #MMPMID34914544
Sci Immunol 2022[Feb]; 7 (68): eabl5652 PMID34914544show ga
T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells are the conventional drivers of protective, germinal center (GC)-based antiviral antibody responses. However, loss of T(FH) cells and GCs has been observed in patients with severe COVID-19. As T cell-B cell interactions and immunoglobulin class switching still occur in these patients, noncanonical pathways of antibody production may be operative during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that both T(FH)-dependent and -independent antibodies were induced against SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and influenza A virus infection. Although T(FH)-independent antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 had evidence of reduced somatic hypermutation, they were still high affinity, durable, and reactive against diverse spike-derived epitopes and were capable of neutralizing both homologous SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 (beta) variant of concern. We found by epitope mapping and B cell receptor sequencing that T(FH) cells focused the B cell response, and therefore, in the absence of T(FH) cells, a more diverse clonal repertoire was maintained. These data support an alternative pathway for the induction of B cell responses during viral infection that enables effective, neutralizing antibody production to complement traditional GC-derived antibodies that might compensate for GCs damaged by viral inflammation.