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10.1159/000519542 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1159/000519542 34788765!ä!34788765 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Pathobiology 2022 ; 89 (2): 81-91 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=34788765|t=2022. Increase in Chondroitin Sulfate and Decline in Arylsulfatase B May Contribute to Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Respiratory Failure |pdf=|usr=}}{{34788765}} gab.com Text Increase in Chondroitin Sulfate and Decline in Arylsulfatase B May Contribute to Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Respiratory Failure JO: Pathobiology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34788765 #FOAvip INTRODUCTION: The potential role of accumulation of chondroitin sulfates (CSs) in the pathobiology of COVID-19 has not been examined. Accumulation may occur by increased synthesis or by decline in activity of the enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) which requires oxygen for activity. METHODS: Immunostaining of lung tissue from 28 patients who died due to COVID-19 infection was performed for CS, ARSB, and carbohydrate sulfotransferase (CHST)15. Measurements of mRNA expression of CHST15 and CHST11, sulfotransferase activity, and total sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were determined in human vascular smooth muscle cells following angiotensin (Ang) II treatment. RESULTS: CS immunostaining showed increase in intensity and distribution, and immunostaining of ARSB was diminished in COVID-19 compared to normal lung tissue. CHST15 immunostaining was prominent in vascular smooth muscle cells associated with diffuse alveolar damage due to COVID-19 or other causes. Expression of CHST15 and CHST11 which are required for synthesis of CSE and chondroitin 4-sulfate, total sulfated GAGs, and sulfotransferase activity was significantly increased following AngII exposure in vascular smooth muscle cells. Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a mediator of cytokine storm in COVID-19, was inversely associated with ARSB expression. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Decline in ARSB and resulting increases in CS may contribute to the pathobiology of COVID-19, as IL-6 does. Increased expression of CHSTs following activation of Ang-converting enzyme 2 may lead to buildup of CSs. Twit Text FOAVip Increase in Chondroitin Sulfate and Decline in Arylsulfatase B May Contribute to Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Respiratory Failure ????Pathobiology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34788765 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34788765 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34788765}}</ref> Increase in Chondroitin Sulfate and Decline in Arylsulfatase B May Contribute to Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Respiratory Failure #MMPMID34788765 Tzankov A; Bhattacharyya S; Kotlo K; Tobacman JK Pathobiology 2022[]; 89 (2): 81-91 PMID34788765show ga INTRODUCTION: The potential role of accumulation of chondroitin sulfates (CSs) in the pathobiology of COVID-19 has not been examined. Accumulation may occur by increased synthesis or by decline in activity of the enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) which requires oxygen for activity. METHODS: Immunostaining of lung tissue from 28 patients who died due to COVID-19 infection was performed for CS, ARSB, and carbohydrate sulfotransferase (CHST)15. Measurements of mRNA expression of CHST15 and CHST11, sulfotransferase activity, and total sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were determined in human vascular smooth muscle cells following angiotensin (Ang) II treatment. RESULTS: CS immunostaining showed increase in intensity and distribution, and immunostaining of ARSB was diminished in COVID-19 compared to normal lung tissue. CHST15 immunostaining was prominent in vascular smooth muscle cells associated with diffuse alveolar damage due to COVID-19 or other causes. Expression of CHST15 and CHST11 which are required for synthesis of CSE and chondroitin 4-sulfate, total sulfated GAGs, and sulfotransferase activity was significantly increased following AngII exposure in vascular smooth muscle cells. Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a mediator of cytokine storm in COVID-19, was inversely associated with ARSB expression. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Decline in ARSB and resulting increases in CS may contribute to the pathobiology of COVID-19, as IL-6 does. Increased expression of CHSTs following activation of Ang-converting enzyme 2 may lead to buildup of CSs. |*COVID-19[MESH] |*N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase/genetics/metabolism[MESH] |*Respiratory Insufficiency[MESH] |Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism[MESH] |Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Membrane Glycoproteins[MESH]Increase in Chondroitin Sulfate and Decline in Arylsulfatase B May Con(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing