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10.1177/0272989X211053563 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1177/0272989X211053563 34738510!9189729!34738510     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Med+Decis+Making 2022 ; 42 (5): 571-586 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=34738510|t=2022. A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery |pdf=|usr=}}{{34738510}} gab.com Text A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery JO: Med Decis Making http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34738510 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS are behaviorally challenging for persons, vaccine and drug companies, and donors. METHODS: In 3 linked games in which a disease may or may not be contracted, N persons choose risky or safe behavior (game 1). Two vaccine companies (game 2) and 2 drug companies (game 3) choose whether to develop vaccines and drugs. Each person chooses whether to buy 1 vaccine (if no disease contraction) or 1 drug (if disease contraction). A donor subsidizes vaccine and drug developments and purchases. Nature probabilistically chooses disease contraction, recovery versus death with and without each drug, and whether vaccines and drugs are developed successfully. COVID-19 data are used for parameter estimation. RESULTS: Each person chooses risky behavior if its utility outweighs safe behavior, accounting for nature's probability of disease contraction which depends on how many are vaccinated. Each person buys a vaccine or drug if the companies produce them and if their utilities (accounting for side effects and virus mutation) outweigh the costs, which may be subsidized by a sponsor. DISCUSSION: Drug purchases depend on nature's recovery probability exceeding the probability in the absence of a drug. Each company develops and produces a vaccine or drug if nature's probability of successful development is high, if sufficiently many persons buy the vaccine or drug at a sales price that sufficiently exceeds the production price, and if the donor sponsors. CONCLUSION: Accounting for all players' interlinked decisions allowing 14 outcomes, which is challenging without a game theoretic analysis, the donor maximizes all persons' expected utilities at the societal level to adjust how persons' purchases and the companies' development and production are subsidized. HIGHLIGHTS: A game theoretic approach can help explain the production decisions of vaccine and drug companies, and the decisions of persons and a donor, impacted by Nature.In 3 linked games, N persons choose risky behavior if its utility outweighs safe behavior.Vaccine and drug companies develop vaccines and drugs sponsored by a donor if profitable, allowing 14 outcomes. Twit Text FOAVip A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery ????Med Decis Making http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34738510 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34738510 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34738510}}</ref> A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery #MMPMID34738510 Hausken K; Ncube M Med Decis Making 2022[Jul]; 42 (5): 571-586 PMID34738510show ga BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS are behaviorally challenging for persons, vaccine and drug companies, and donors. METHODS: In 3 linked games in which a disease may or may not be contracted, N persons choose risky or safe behavior (game 1). Two vaccine companies (game 2) and 2 drug companies (game 3) choose whether to develop vaccines and drugs. Each person chooses whether to buy 1 vaccine (if no disease contraction) or 1 drug (if disease contraction). A donor subsidizes vaccine and drug developments and purchases. Nature probabilistically chooses disease contraction, recovery versus death with and without each drug, and whether vaccines and drugs are developed successfully. COVID-19 data are used for parameter estimation. RESULTS: Each person chooses risky behavior if its utility outweighs safe behavior, accounting for nature's probability of disease contraction which depends on how many are vaccinated. Each person buys a vaccine or drug if the companies produce them and if their utilities (accounting for side effects and virus mutation) outweigh the costs, which may be subsidized by a sponsor. DISCUSSION: Drug purchases depend on nature's recovery probability exceeding the probability in the absence of a drug. Each company develops and produces a vaccine or drug if nature's probability of successful development is high, if sufficiently many persons buy the vaccine or drug at a sales price that sufficiently exceeds the production price, and if the donor sponsors. CONCLUSION: Accounting for all players' interlinked decisions allowing 14 outcomes, which is challenging without a game theoretic analysis, the donor maximizes all persons' expected utilities at the societal level to adjust how persons' purchases and the companies' development and production are subsidized. HIGHLIGHTS: A game theoretic approach can help explain the production decisions of vaccine and drug companies, and the decisions of persons and a donor, impacted by Nature.In 3 linked games, N persons choose risky behavior if its utility outweighs safe behavior.Vaccine and drug companies develop vaccines and drugs sponsored by a donor if profitable, allowing 14 outcomes. |*COVID-19 Vaccines[MESH] |*COVID-19/prevention & control[MESH] |*Game Theory[MESH] |*Vaccines[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Probability[MESH]A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Comp(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing