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Comparison of viral RNA-host protein interactomes across pathogenic RNA viruses informs rapid antiviral drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2 #MMPMID34737357
Zhang S; Huang W; Ren L; Ju X; Gong M; Rao J; Sun L; Li P; Ding Q; Wang J; Zhang QC
Cell Res 2022[Jan]; 32 (1): 9-23 PMID34737357show ga
In contrast to the extensive research about viral protein-host protein interactions that has revealed major insights about how RNA viruses engage with host cells during infection, few studies have examined interactions between host factors and viral RNAs (vRNAs). Here, we profiled vRNA-host protein interactomes for three RNA virus pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, Zika, and Ebola viruses) using ChIRP-MS. Comparative interactome analyses discovered both common and virus-specific host responses and vRNA-associated proteins that variously promote or restrict viral infection. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 binds and hijacks the host factor IGF2BP1 to stabilize vRNA and augment viral translation. Our interactome-informed drug repurposing efforts identified several FDA-approved drugs (e.g., Cepharanthine) as broad-spectrum antivirals in cells and hACE2 transgenic mice. A co-treatment comprising Cepharanthine and Trifluoperazine was highly potent against the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant. Thus, our study illustrates the scientific and medical discovery utility of adopting a comparative vRNA-host protein interactome perspective.