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10.4049/jimmunol.2100637 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.4049/jimmunol.2100637 34654691!11073804!34654691     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=34654691&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines |pdf=|usr=}}{{34654691}} gab.com Text Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines JO: J Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34654691 #FOAvip Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. mRNA vaccines directed at the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein resulted in development of Abs and protective immunity. To determine the mechanism, we analyzed the kinetics of induction of circulating exosomes with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Ab following vaccination of healthy individuals. Results demonstrated induction of circulating exosomes expressing spike protein on day 14 after vaccination followed by Abs 14 d after the second dose. Exosomes with spike protein, Abs to SARS-CoV-2 spike, and T cells secreting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased following the booster dose. Transmission electron microscopy of exosomes also demonstrated spike protein Ags on their surface. Exosomes with spike protein and Abs decreased in parallel after four months. These results demonstrate an important role of circulating exosomes with spike protein for effective immunization following mRNA-based vaccination. This is further documented by induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice immunized with exosomes carrying spike protein. Twit Text FOAVip Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines ????J Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34654691 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34654691 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34654691}}</ref> Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines #MMPMID34654691 Bansal S; Perincheri S; Fleming T; Poulson C; Tiffany B; Bremner RM; Mohanakumar T J Immunol 2021[Nov]; 207 (10): 2405-2410 PMID34654691show ga Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. mRNA vaccines directed at the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein resulted in development of Abs and protective immunity. To determine the mechanism, we analyzed the kinetics of induction of circulating exosomes with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Ab following vaccination of healthy individuals. Results demonstrated induction of circulating exosomes expressing spike protein on day 14 after vaccination followed by Abs 14 d after the second dose. Exosomes with spike protein, Abs to SARS-CoV-2 spike, and T cells secreting IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased following the booster dose. Transmission electron microscopy of exosomes also demonstrated spike protein Ags on their surface. Exosomes with spike protein and Abs decreased in parallel after four months. These results demonstrate an important role of circulating exosomes with spike protein for effective immunization following mRNA-based vaccination. This is further documented by induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice immunized with exosomes carrying spike protein. |Animals[MESH] |Antibodies, Viral/*metabolism[MESH] |BNT162 Vaccine[MESH] |Blood Circulation[MESH] |COVID-19 Vaccines/*immunology[MESH] |COVID-19/*immunology[MESH] |Cells, Cultured[MESH] |Exosomes/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |Healthy Volunteers[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Immunization[MESH] |Interferon-gamma/metabolism[MESH] |Mice[MESH] |Mice, Inbred C57BL[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/*physiology[MESH] |Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism[MESH]Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induce(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing