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Infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 depend on heparan sulfate proteoglycans #MMPMID34510494
Bermejo-Jambrina M; Eder J; Kaptein TM; van Hamme JL; Helgers LC; Vlaming KE; Brouwer PJM; van Nuenen AC; Spaargaren M; de Bree GJ; Nijmeijer BM; Kootstra NA; van Gils MJ; Sanders RW; Geijtenbeek TBH
EMBO J 2021[Oct]; 40 (20): e106765 PMID34510494show ga
The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and outbreaks of new variants highlight the need for preventive treatments. Here, we identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans as attachment receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Notably, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 isolated from COVID-19 patients interfered with SARS-CoV-2 binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which might be an additional mechanism of antibodies to neutralize infection. SARS-CoV-2 binding to and infection of epithelial cells was blocked by low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Although dendritic cells (DCs) and mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) were not infected by SARS-CoV-2, both DC subsets efficiently captured SARS-CoV-2 via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and transmitted the virus to ACE2-positive cells. Notably, human primary nasal cells were infected by SARS-CoV-2, and infection was blocked by pre-treatment with LMWH. These data strongly suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans are important attachment receptors facilitating infection and transmission, and support the use of LMWH as prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection.