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Using symptom-based case predictions to identify host genetic factors that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility #MMPMID34379666
van Blokland IV; Lanting P; Ori APS; Vonk JM; Warmerdam RCA; Herkert JC; Boulogne F; Claringbould A; Lopera-Maya EA; Bartels M; Hottenga JJ; Ganna A; Karjalainen J; Hayward C; Fawns-Ritchie C; Campbell A; Porteous D; Cirulli ET; Schiabor Barrett KM; Riffle S; Bolze A; White S; Tanudjaja F; Wang X; Ramirez JM 3rd; Lim YW; Lu JT; Washington NL; de Geus EJC; Deelen P; Boezen HM; Franke LH
PLoS One 2021[]; 16 (8): e0255402 PMID34379666show ga
Epidemiological and genetic studies on COVID-19 are currently hindered by inconsistent and limited testing policies to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, it was shown that it is possible to predict COVID-19 cases using cross-sectional self-reported disease-related symptoms. Here, we demonstrate that this COVID-19 prediction model has reasonable and consistent performance across multiple independent cohorts and that our attempt to improve upon this model did not result in improved predictions. Using the existing COVID-19 prediction model, we then conducted a GWAS on the predicted phenotype using a total of 1,865 predicted cases and 29,174 controls. While we did not find any common, large-effect variants that reached genome-wide significance, we do observe suggestive genetic associations at two SNPs (rs11844522, p = 1.9x10-7; rs5798227, p = 2.2x10-7). Explorative analyses furthermore suggest that genetic variants associated with other viral infectious diseases do not overlap with COVID-19 susceptibility and that severity of COVID-19 may have a different genetic architecture compared to COVID-19 susceptibility. This study represents a first effort that uses a symptom-based predicted phenotype as a proxy for COVID-19 in our pursuit of understanding the genetic susceptibility of the disease. We conclude that the inclusion of symptom-based predicted cases could be a useful strategy in a scenario of limited testing, either during the current COVID-19 pandemic or any future viral outbreak.